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27015. Animals in the Chernobyl zone hadaccelerated aging of the immune system(Savtsova, 1995).16. Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) keptinthe 10-km zone from 1986 to 1993 were foundto have (Pinchuk and Rodionova, 1995; Serkizet al., 2003):• Decreased numbers of bone marrowcells, peripheral blood leukocytes, andmyelokaryocytes.• Hypochromatic anemia, leukocytopenia(onset during the third month of beingin the radioactive zone), granulocytopeniawith very high levels of eosinophils, andeosinophilia.• Increased numbers of abnormal cells (hugehypersegmented neutrophilic leukocytes,cells with fragmented nuclei, cells withshaggy chromatin structure, cytoplasmnuclear inclusions, and multinucleatedlymphocytes.17. After being in the 10-km zone for 3to 6 months, laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)developed significant mitotic growth activity(sometimes accompanied by an increase in thenumber of bone marrow cells) and then had asubsequent decrease in mitotic activity. Similarprocesses were observed in wild murines livingin the 10-km zone (Serkiz et al., 2003).18. Low red cell counts, decreasedhemoglobin levels, and decreased percentage ofneutrophils and monocytes were seen in cattle(Bos taurus) that remained in the 12-km zone for2 months after the catastrophe (Il’yazov, 1993;Il’yazov et al., 1990).19. Until October 1986 free-range cattle(Bos taurus) living 3–6 km from the ChernobylNPP had high eosinophil and low lymphocytecounts, as well as undifferentiated cells, brokencell forms, and hyperchromic anemia (Glazkoet al., 1996).20. In farm-raised hog sires (Sus scrofa) inMlinivs’sk and Sarnens’k districts of RivneProvince, Ukraine, from 1997 to 2001, whereCs-137 contamination levels were 1–5 Ci/km 2and Sr-90 levels were 0.04–0.08 Ci/km 2 ,ery-TABLE 10.20. Cause of Death (%) in LaboratoryRats (Rattus norvegicus) from the ExperimentalAnimal Facilities in Chernobyl City (Heavy BackgroundRadiation) and Kiev (Less Background Radiation),October 1986–December 1989 (Serkiz,1995)ChernobylCause of death Kiev CityPneumonia, lung hemorrhage 10.3 35.5Pulmonitis 8.4 11.1Colitis 19.1 31.1Lymph node hyperplasia 10.3 13.2Thymus gland/spleen hyperplasia 2.4 4.4throcyte counts were significantly lower (up to15.0%), hemoglobin was lower (up to 45.0%),the percentage of young and stick heartedleukocytes increased 1.3 to 2.8 times, and bloodlevels of alpha- and gammaglobulins decreasedup to 44.4% (Oleinik, 2005).21. Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) keptin the 30-km zone for 1 month had significantlyincreased leukocytes and have a tendencytoward increased numbers of marrowcells (Izmozherov et al., 1990).22. Laboratory mice (Mus musculus) keptinthe 30-km zone for 1 month had significantlyincreased numbers of lymphocytes and leukocytes(Pelevyna et al., 1993).23. The most common immediate causesof death for laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)in the animal facilities in Chernobyl City andKiev after the catastrophe were inflammatoryprocesses of the lungs and intestines (Serkiz,1995). Table 10.20 presents data on their mortalityfrom 1986 to 1989.24. Mammary adenofibromas and malignantlung and intestinal tumors appearedat earlier ages in laboratory rats (Rattusnorvegicus) in the Chernobyl animal facility from1987 to 1989 and included lymphoid and connectivetissue tumors, including lymphatic sarcoma(Table 10.21).25. Tumors developed in 74% of laboratoryrats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Chernobyland Kiev experimental breeding colonies