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48TABLE 3.7. Percent of “Practically Healthy” Individualsin Three Categories of Chernobyl Victimsin Ukraine, 1987–1994 (Grodzinsky, 1999)Children born toYear Liquidators Evacuees irradiated parents1987 82 59 861988 73 48 781989 66 38 721990 58 29 621991 43 25 531992 34 20 451993 25 16 381994 19 18 2629. Since 1987 the number of liquidators inthe category of “ill” has consistently increased:18, 27, 34, 42, 57, 64, 75, to 81% (Grodzinsky,1999). In the 18 years after the catastrophe thenumber of “sick” liquidators exceeded 94%. In2003, some 99.9% of the liquidators were officially“sick” in Kiev; 96.5% in Sumy Provincewere sick and 96% in Donetsk Province (LIGA,2004; Lubensky, 2004).30. For the period from 1988 to 1994 therewas a manifold increase in primary disabilities(invalidism) among liquidators and evacuees,which exceeded the Ukrainian norms(Table 3.9).31. Disability among liquidators began toincrease sharply from 1991 and by the year2003 had risen tenfold (Figure 3.5).TABLE 3.9. Primary Invalidism (per 1, 000) inUkraine, 1987–1994 (Grodzinsky, 1999)Year Liquidators Evacuees Ukraine1987 9.6 2.1 0.51994 23.2 9.5 0.9during the 10 years after the catastrophe (Tsyb,1996).2. Children from radioactive contaminatedprovinces became ill much more often thanchildren in “clean” regions. The greatest differencesin morbidity are expressed in the classof illness labeled “symptoms, phenomena, andinexact designated conditions” (Kulakov et al.,1997).3. From 1995–1998 the annual prevalence ofall registered diseases of children in the southwestdistricts of Bryansk Province (Cs-137 > 5Ci/km 2 ), was 1.5–3.3 times the provincial levelas well as the level across Russia (Fetysov, 1999;Kuiyshev et al., 2001). In 2004 childhood morbidityin these districts was double the averagefor the province (Sergeeva et al., 2005).4. Childhood morbidity in the contaminateddistricts of Kaluga Province 15 years afterthe catastrophe was noticeably higher (Ignatovet al., 2001).3.3. Russia1. The total measure of the “health of thepopulation” (the sum of invalidism and morbidity)in the Russian part of the EuropeanChernobyl territories worsened up to threefoldTABLE 3.8. Morbidity (per 1,000) in RadioactiveContaminated Territories of Ukraine (Grodzinsky,1999; Law of Ukraine, 2006)YearAdults and teenagers1987 421.01994 1,255.92004 2,097.8Figure 3.5. Invalidism as a result of nonmalignantdiseases in Ukrainian liquidators (1986—1987)from 1988 to 2003 (National Ukrainian Report,2006).