PDF copy of 2009 book

272TABLE 10.25. Immune Status of the Frog HybridComplex Rana esculenta in Two Populations withDifferent Contamination Levels, Bryansk Province,1994 (Isaeva and Vyazov, 1996)Contamination, μR/hIndex 60 220Leukocytes, 10 6 /liter 15.32 ± 0.99 21.7 ± 1.83Lymphocytes, 10 6 /liter 6.16 ± 0.41 11.08 ± 1.0Neutrophils, % 47.2 ± 1.11 28.9 ± 1.55T lymphocytes, % 47.1 ± 1.45 26.6 ± 1.03B lymphocytes, % 20.9 ± 0.56 12.5 ± 0.67Zero-cells, % 32.0 ± 1.59 61.9 ± 1.38Rosette-forming 22.8 ± 1.22 17.7 ± 0.49neutrophiles, %from populations living under heavy radiationfor 7–8 years differed significantly from controlsafter exposure to additional experimentalradiation (Afonin and Voitovich, 1998; Afoninet al., 1999).31. The number of micronucleated erythrocytesin all the populations of brown frogs(Rana temporaria) from heavily contaminated areascaught before 1991 was significantly higher(p < 0.001) than from less contaminated areas(in some cases by a factor of 30). Both brown (R.temporaria) and narrow-muzzled (R. arvalis)frogsinhabiting radiation-contaminated areas haveincreased cytogenetic damage in bone marrowcells and erythrocytes and a change in the ratioof erythrocytes in peripheral blood (Voitovich,2000).32. Additional gamma-irradiation-inducedapoptosis of bone marrow cells was discoveredin narrow-muzzled frogs (Rana arvalis) inhabitingthe 30-km zone. The initial level of cells withchromatin changes was significantly higher (p