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Nesterenko et al.: Radioactive Contamination of Food and People 295TABLE 12.6. Chernobyl Radioactive Contamination of Food in Several Countries, 1986–1987Radionuclide Food Maximum concentration Country ReferenceCs-137 ∗ Reindeer meat 44,800 Bq/kg Sweden Ahman and Ahman, 1994Mushrooms > 20,000 Bq/kg Germany UNSCEAR, 1988Sheep’s milk 18,000 Bq/liter Greece Assikmakopoulos et al., 1987Mushrooms 16,300 Bq/kg ∗∗ Japan Yoshida et al., 1994Reindeer >10,000 Bq/kg Sweden UNSCEAR, 1988Potatoes 1.100 ± 0.650 Bq/kg Croatia Franic et al., 2006Lamb 1,087 Bq/kg Sweden Rosen et al., 1995Milk 500 Bq/liter United Kingdom Clark, 1986Meat 395 Bq/kg Italy Capra et al., 1989Milk 254 Bq/dm 3 Italy Capra et al., 1989Perch 6,042 (mean) Bq/kg Sweden Hakanson et al., 1989Perch 3,585 (mean) Bq/kg Sweden Hakanson et al., 1989Farm milk 2,900 Bq/liter Sweden Reizenstein, 1987Milk 400 Bq/liter Bulgaria Energy, 2008I-131 Milk 135,000 Italy Orlando et al., 1986Yogurt 6,000 Bq/kg Greece Assikmakopoulos et al., 1987Edible seaweed 1,300 Bq/kg Japan Hisamatsu et al., 1987Milk 500 Bq/liter United Kingdom Clark, 1986Breast milk 110 Bq/liter (mean) Czechoslovakia Kliment and Bucina, 1990Breast milk 55 Bq/l (mean Czechoslovakia Kliment and Bucina, 1990Pork 45 Bq/kg (mean) Czechoslovakia Kliment and Bucina, 1990Milk 21.8 Bq/liter Japan Nishizawa et al., 1986Milk 20.7 Bq/liter United States RADNET, 2008Total Reindeer meat 15,000 Bq/kg Sweden Fox, 1988Mutton 10,000 Bq/kg Yugoslavia Energy, 2008Milk 3,000 Bq/liter Yugoslavia Energy, 2008Fruits >1,000 Bq/kg Italy Energy, 2008∗ Limits of Cs-137 for consumption in EU: 600 Bq/kg for food items; 370 Bq/kg for milk and baby food; 3,000Bq/kg for game and reindeer meat.∗∗ Year 1990.Th-232, Mn-54, Co-60, I-131, etc.) in an individual’sbody as well as the specific dose.It is certified by the Belarus State Committeeon Standardization and also registeredby the State Registry of Belarus. Each IRCscanner undergoes an annual official inspection.All measurements are done accordingto protocols approved by that committee.For additional accuracy, the BELRAD IRCSCANNER-3M system was calibrated withthe “Julich” Nuclear Center in Germany (seeTable 12.7).1. Measurements were taken in Valavsk Village,in the El’sk District, Gomel Province,where there were 800 inhabitants, including159 children. The village is located in anarea with Cs-137 contamination of 8.3 Ci/km 2(307 kBq/m 2 ). According to the 2004 data, thetotal annual effective dose was 2.39 mSv/year,and an internal irradiation dose was1.3 mSv/year.2. There was a correlation between the levelsof local food contamination (Figure 12.4) andthe level of incorporated radionuclides in thechildren’s bodies (Figure 12.5).The pattern of curves in Figures 12.4 and12.5 reflects the seasonal (within the year) variationof contaminated food consumption andthus the accumulation of Cs-137 in a child’sbody. As a rule, the level of contamination