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Yablokov: Oncological Diseases after Chernobyl 163TABLE 6.2. Cancer Morbidity of Belarussian Liquidators (per 10,000), 1993–2003 (Okeanov et al.,2004)MorbidityRegression coefficientLiquidators Controls ∗∗ Liquidators Controls ∗∗All cancers 422.2 ± 20.6 ∗ 366.4 ± 5.3 13.15 ± 5.29 ∗ 4.69 ± 1.10Stomach 41.1 ± 3.4 42.9 ± 1.2 1.99 ± 0.92 −0.99 ± 0.19Rectal 19.1 ± 2.1 16.1 ± 0.4 1.14 ± 0.59 ∗ 0.24 ± 0.12Lung 55.6 ± 5.4 53.6 ± 1.2 3.78 ± 1.26 ∗ −0.38 ± 0.31Kidney 15.7 ± 1.9 ∗ 10.8 ± 0.5 1.78 ± 0.27 ∗ 0.68 ± 0.16Bladder 16.7 ± 1.2 ∗ 13.8 ± 0.8 0.89 ± 0.23 0.28 ± 0.12Thyroid 28.4 ± 4.1 ∗ 10.1 ± 1.0 1.08 ± 1.03 0.8 ± 0.18∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ From the less contaminated Vitebsk Province (excluding liquidators and those who migrated to theprovince from the contaminated regions).in the years from 1986 to 1994 (Zborovsky et al.,1995).9. Calculated on the basis of official datafor the years 1990 to 2004, Belarussian patientsdiagnosed with cancer for the first timehas increased from 0.26 to 0.38% (up 46%),and in Gomel Province, from 0.25 to 0.42%(up 68%). This marked deviation from thelong-term trend of cancer mortality is verylikely connected to the Chernobyl contamination(Figure 6.1).10. Up to 62,500 radiation-induced cancersare predicted to occur in Belarus over a periodof 70 years after the catastrophe (Malko, 2007).6.1.2. Ukraine1. The cancer morbidity of evacuees fromthe heavily contaminated territories is noticeablyhigher than in the rest of thecountry (Tsimliakova and Lavrent’eva, 1996;Golubchykov et al., 2002).2. In the heavily contaminated territoriescancer morbidity increased 18–22% in the 12years following the catastrophe, and rose by12% in the entire country (Omelyanets et al.,2001; Omelyanets and Klement’ev, 2001).3. For adults in the contaminated districts ofZhytomir Province cancer morbidity increasednearly threefold in 1986–1994: from 1.34 to3.91% (Nagornaya, 1995).TABLE 6.3. Cancer Morbidity (per 10,000) in TwoBelarussian Liquidator Groups Exposed in DifferentPeriods in 1986, 1993–2003 (Okeanov et al.,2004)Liquidators LiquidatorsMay–June July–December1986 1986 ControlsAll cancers 456.1 ± 10.3 ∗ 437.8 ± 10.3 ∗ 366.4 ± 5.3Stomach 50.4 ± 3.4 ∗ 42.6 ± 3.2 42.9 ± 1.2Rectal 18.7 ± 2.1 25.5 ± 2.5 ∗ 16.1 ± 0.4Lung 57.9 ± 3.7 67.1 ± 4.0 ∗ 53.6 ± 1.2Kidney 20.3 ± 2.2 ∗ 20.6 ± 2.2 ∗ 10.8 ± 0.4Bladder 20.6 ± 2.2 ∗ 16.6 ± 2.0 ∗ 13.8 ± 0.8Thyroid 40.0 ± 3.1 ∗ 25.2 ± 2.5 ∗ 10.1 ± 1.0∗ p < 0.05 from controls.Figure 6.1. First-time-registered cases of cancerin Belarus from 1975 to 2005. Deviation from thetrend after 1986 is very likely associated with additionalChernobyl-related cancers (Malko, 2007).