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Yablokov: Radioactive Impact on Fauna 269TABLE 10.18. Some Hematological Characteristicsof Calf-Bearing Cows from Heavily and LessContaminated Areas, Zhytomir Province, Ukraine,1997–1999 (Karpuk, 2001) 15–15 Ci/km 2
27015. Animals in the Chernobyl zone hadaccelerated aging of the immune system(Savtsova, 1995).16. Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) keptinthe 10-km zone from 1986 to 1993 were foundto have (Pinchuk and Rodionova, 1995; Serkizet al., 2003):• Decreased numbers of bone marrowcells, peripheral blood leukocytes, andmyelokaryocytes.• Hypochromatic anemia, leukocytopenia(onset during the third month of beingin the radioactive zone), granulocytopeniawith very high levels of eosinophils, andeosinophilia.• Increased numbers of abnormal cells (hugehypersegmented neutrophilic leukocytes,cells with fragmented nuclei, cells withshaggy chromatin structure, cytoplasmnuclear inclusions, and multinucleatedlymphocytes.17. After being in the 10-km zone for 3to 6 months, laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)developed significant mitotic growth activity(sometimes accompanied by an increase in thenumber of bone marrow cells) and then had asubsequent decrease in mitotic activity. Similarprocesses were observed in wild murines livingin the 10-km zone (Serkiz et al., 2003).18. Low red cell counts, decreasedhemoglobin levels, and decreased percentage ofneutrophils and monocytes were seen in cattle(Bos taurus) that remained in the 12-km zone for2 months after the catastrophe (Il’yazov, 1993;Il’yazov et al., 1990).19. Until October 1986 free-range cattle(Bos taurus) living 3–6 km from the ChernobylNPP had high eosinophil and low lymphocytecounts, as well as undifferentiated cells, brokencell forms, and hyperchromic anemia (Glazkoet al., 1996).20. In farm-raised hog sires (Sus scrofa) inMlinivs’sk and Sarnens’k districts of RivneProvince, Ukraine, from 1997 to 2001, whereCs-137 contamination levels were 1–5 Ci/km 2and Sr-90 levels were 0.04–0.08 Ci/km 2 ,ery-TABLE 10.20. Cause of Death (%) in LaboratoryRats (Rattus norvegicus) from the ExperimentalAnimal Facilities in Chernobyl City (Heavy BackgroundRadiation) and Kiev (Less Background Radiation),October 1986–December 1989 (Serkiz,1995)ChernobylCause of death Kiev CityPneumonia, lung hemorrhage 10.3 35.5Pulmonitis 8.4 11.1Colitis 19.1 31.1Lymph node hyperplasia 10.3 13.2Thymus gland/spleen hyperplasia 2.4 4.4throcyte counts were significantly lower (up to15.0%), hemoglobin was lower (up to 45.0%),the percentage of young and stick heartedleukocytes increased 1.3 to 2.8 times, and bloodlevels of alpha- and gammaglobulins decreasedup to 44.4% (Oleinik, 2005).21. Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) keptin the 30-km zone for 1 month had significantlyincreased leukocytes and have a tendencytoward increased numbers of marrowcells (Izmozherov et al., 1990).22. Laboratory mice (Mus musculus) keptinthe 30-km zone for 1 month had significantlyincreased numbers of lymphocytes and leukocytes(Pelevyna et al., 1993).23. The most common immediate causesof death for laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus)in the animal facilities in Chernobyl City andKiev after the catastrophe were inflammatoryprocesses of the lungs and intestines (Serkiz,1995). Table 10.20 presents data on their mortalityfrom 1986 to 1989.24. Mammary adenofibromas and malignantlung and intestinal tumors appearedat earlier ages in laboratory rats (Rattusnorvegicus) in the Chernobyl animal facility from1987 to 1989 and included lymphoid and connectivetissue tumors, including lymphatic sarcoma(Table 10.21).25. Tumors developed in 74% of laboratoryrats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Chernobyland Kiev experimental breeding colonies
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This monograph is a reprint of
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ChernobylConsequences of the Catast
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viChapter III. Consequences of the
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viiiFor a long time I have thought
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CHERNOBYLPrefaceThe principal idea
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xii• Chapter IV: Radiation Protec
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CHERNOBYLAcknowledgmentsThe present
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xviPintchouk, L.B., Institute of Ex
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2The basic conclusion of the report
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CHERNOBYLChapter I. Chernobyl Conta
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6tled outside of Belarus, Ukraine,
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8TABLE 1.1. Estimations of a Geogra
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10Figure 1.6. Some of the main area
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12Figure 1.7. The path of one Chern
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14Figure 1.10. Reconstruction of co
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16Figure 1.12. Transuranic radionuc
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18TABLE 1.3. Radioactive Contaminat
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20Figure 1.15. Spotty concentration
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22Figure 1.16. Maps of the Chernoby
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24the teeth of 6,000 children and f
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26TABLE 1.8. Estimation of the Popu
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28observations of fallout from the
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30Contamination: Chernobyl’s lega
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CHERNOBYL2. Chernobyl’s Public He
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34persons who were involved in liqu
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36the incomplete official data for
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38periodic journals and magazines a
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40Chernobyl Forum (2006). Health Ef
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CHERNOBYL3. General Morbidity, Impa
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44TABLE 3.2. Frequency of Complaint
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46Figure 3.2. Number (percentage) o
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48TABLE 3.7. Percent of “Practica
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50TABLE 3.12. Disability in Liquida
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52Gutkovsky, I. A., Kul’kova, L.
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54prenatally irradiated children. B
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56encephalopathy in those 40 years
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CHERNOBYL5. Nonmalignant Diseases a
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602. Children of liquidators living
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625.1.2.1. Belarus1. Cardiovascular
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64blood pressure was characteristic
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66TABLE 5.4. Incidence of (%, M ±
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687. For the majority surveyed in t
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70TABLE 5.12. Chromosomal Mutations
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72TABLE 5.16. Incidence of Down Syn
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74mortality; (c) an increase in de
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76Organization (WHO) (Chernobyl For
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78Adequate and timely thyroid funct
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805.3.1.2. Ukraine1. The noticeable
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82TABLE 5.24. General Endocrine Mor
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84of cases of autoimmune thyroiditi
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86between 1992 and 2001 (Moskalenko
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88protein X concentration in urine,
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90the 30-km Chernobyl zone. In 1986
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9211. In the 7 to 9 years after the
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94Figure 5.7. Chronic bronchitis an
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96TABLE 5.33. Respiratory Morbidity
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985.6.2. Ukraine1. Urogenital disea
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100TABLE 5.36. Urogenital Morbidity
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102from Chernobyl fallout changed o
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104TABLE 5.43. Primary Osteomuscula
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10610. From 1991 to 2000 there was
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108indicated an almost twofold incr
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110TABLE 5.49. Dynamics of Nervous
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1123. SWEDEN. A comprehensive analy
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1143. In 1991 a group of 512 childr
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116Only after 2000 did medical auth
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11819. In 7 to 8 years after the ca
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120TABLE 5.58. Digestive System Mor
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122TABLE 5.62. Overall Skin Disease
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1243. The incidence of kidney infec
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126TABLE 5.68. Incidence of Congeni
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128TABLE 5.73. Comparison of the In
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130TABLE 5.74. Congenital Malformat
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132Figure 5.15. Typical examples of
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134TABLE 5.79. Incidence (per 100,0
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136Arynchyna, N. T. & Mil’kmanovi
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138Brogger, A., Reitan, J. B., Stra
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140Drygyna, L. B. (2002). Clinical
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142Goncharova, R. I. (2000). Remote
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144September 27-29, 1999, Minsk (Be
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146Vuazen, K. (Eds.), Pulmonary Sys
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148June 4-8, 2001, Kiev, Ukraine (A
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150Noshchenko, A. G. & Loganovsky,
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152Ukr. Herald Soc. Hygien. Publ. H
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154Cytogenetic observations of chil
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156dysfunction in persons sick from
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158Tytov, L. P. (2002). Early and r
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160Zaitsev, V. A., Petrenko, S. V.
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162that all data from former republ
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164TABLE 6.4. Childhood Cancer Morb
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166Figure 6.5. General thyroid canc
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168Figure 6.7. Thyroid cancer morbi
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170Figure 6.9. Thyroid cancer morbi
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172Figure 6.12. Total I-131 contami
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174Figure 6.16. Papillary thyroid c
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176well as being a result of the ad
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178TABLE 6.11. Leukemia Morbidity (
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180TABLE 6.14. Leukemia Morbidity (
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182Figure 6.20. Breast cancer morbi
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184TABLE 6.18. Increase in Morbidit
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186Busby, C. (1995). The Wings of D
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188Ivanov, V. K. & Tsyb, A. F. (200
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190ujf-grenoble.fr/SANTE/alpesmed/e
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CHERNOBYL7. Mortality after the Che
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194Figure 7.3. Stillbirth rate (per
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196Figure 7.7. Trends of stillbirth
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198TABLE 7.1. Increase of the Rate
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200Figure 7.11. Perinatal mortality
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202Figure 7.14. Trend of infant mor
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204Figure 7.19. Trend of mortality
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206TABLE 7.6. Causes of Death (%) o
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208TABLE 7.9. Estimates of the Numb
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210TABLE 7.11. Number of Additional
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212Buzhievskaya, T. I., Tchaikovska
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214Law of Ukraine (2006). About Sta
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216to and 3 years subsequent to the
Page 235 and 236: 218Figure 1. Absolute number of the
Page 237 and 238: 220pathology formation, prognosis).
Page 239 and 240: 222Twenty Years of Chernobyl Catast
Page 241 and 242: 224TABLE 8.1. Concentration (Bq/m 3
Page 243 and 244: 226Concentrations of Cs-131/Cs-134/
Page 245 and 246: 228TABLE 8.6. Coefficients of Accum
Page 247 and 248: 230Figure 8.2. The annual mean Cs-1
Page 249 and 250: 232TABLE 8.10. Ground Deposition (k
Page 251 and 252: 234ReferencesAarkrog, A. (1988). St
Page 253 and 254: 236pectin-containing food additives
Page 255 and 256: 238Figure 9.1. Radioautographs of p
Page 257 and 258: 240TABLE 9.4. Levels of Radionuclid
Page 259 and 260: 242TABLE 9.6. Inter- and Intraspeci
Page 261 and 262: 244TABLE 9.8. Intensity of Cs-137 A
Page 263 and 264: 246each place and time for each ind
Page 265 and 266: 248TABLE 9.14. Frequency of Some Mo
Page 267 and 268: 250TABLE 9.20. Change in Anthocyani
Page 269 and 270: 252Grodzinsky, D. M. (2006). Reflec
Page 271 and 272: 254after accident. Radiat. Biol. Ra
Page 273 and 274: 256TABLE 10.1. Maximum Concentratio
Page 275 and 276: 258Figure 10.2. Individual variabil
Page 277 and 278: 260TABLE 10.4. Concentration of Som
Page 279 and 280: 262TABLE 10.7. Some Recorded Cherno
Page 281 and 282: 264isotope analyses on current and
Page 283 and 284: 266TABLE 10.12. Abnormalities in La
Page 285: 268TABLE 10.16. The Frequency of Do
Page 289 and 290: 272TABLE 10.25. Immune Status of th
Page 291 and 292: 274ReferencesAdamovich, V. L. (1998
Page 293 and 294: 276Environmental Health (Center for
Page 295 and 296: 278water bodies. Herald Nat. Belar.
Page 297 and 298: 280E. V. (1996). Chromosome aberrat
Page 299 and 300: 282with up to 40 Ci/km 2 (Zymenko e
Page 301 and 302: 284Luk’yanova, E. M., Denysova, M
Page 303 and 304: 286demonstrate a return to historic
Page 305 and 306: 288enterosorbents, and Chapter IV.1
Page 307 and 308: 290on contaminated foodstuffs avail
Page 309 and 310: 292Figure 12.1. Countrywide mean co
Page 311 and 312: 294TABLE 12.5. Concentration (pCi/l
Page 313 and 314: 296TABLE 12.7. Cs-137 Body Burden i
Page 315 and 316: 298Figure 12.5. Average specific ac
Page 317 and 318: 300Figure 12.10. Body burden of Cs-
Page 319 and 320: 302Omelyanets, N. I. (2001). Radioe
Page 321 and 322: 304formation. The additives prevent
Page 323 and 324: 306TABLE 13.2. EKG Normalization Re
Page 325 and 326: 308increased sense of personal resp
Page 327 and 328: 310Nesterenko, V. B. (2005). Radiat
Page 329 and 330: 312require a separate monograph. Th
Page 331 and 332: 3141. In the exclusion zone, which
Page 333 and 334: 316Foods rich in K include potatoes
Page 335 and 336: CHERNOBYL15. Consequences of the Ch
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320• Inadequacy of modern knowled
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322with illnesses characteristic of
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324Chernobyl-contaminated areas, ra
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326information which can be unwante
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