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Yablokov: Oncological Diseases after Chernobyl 167TABLE 6.5. Number of Thyroid Cancer Cases in Belarus from Various Sources (Radiogenic Cases inParentheses)Number of cases, n Period Author Comments5,470 (3,748) 1987–1998 Ivanov & Tsyb, 2002: tab.3.1, p. 213Six most contaminated provinces(calculated by A. Yablokov, basedon the pre-Chernobyl level)(1,067) 1990–1998 UNSCEAR, 2000 In persons aged 0–17 years at thetime of the meltdown(4,409) 1986–2000 Malko, 2002 Including 700 in children(674) 1986–2000 Demidchik et al., 2002 In children aged 0–14 years“More than 8,000” 1986–2000 Belookaya et al., 2002“About 6,000 operated” 1997–2000 Drozd, 2001 Including 1,600 children“More than 7,000”(1,000); 3,000postsurgery casesannuallyUp to 2001Borysevich and Poplyko,2002(2,430) 1986–2004(2,399) 1990–2004 National BelarussianReport, 2006 ∗In persons aged 0–17 years at thetime of the meltdownIn persons 0–18 years at the time ofthe meltdown9,650 (4,560–6,840, Jan. 1987– Malko, 2004 In persons 0–14 years at the time ofaverage about 5,700) Dec. 2002the meltdownAbout 7,000 1986–2004 Malko, 2007 In persons 0–14 years at the time ofthe meltdown8,161 (1,670) 1986–2001 Ostapenko, 2002 Belarussian Ministry of Health data1,055 new cases 2002 alone Postoyalko, 20042,200 postsurgery children 1988–2004 Lypik, 2004More than 10,0001987–2004 Nesterenko, pers. comm. Based on official datapostsurgery (all ages)12,136 1986–2004 Demidchik, 2006coefficients that reflect time trends are: all ofUkraine, 0.12 ± 0.01 (per 100,000 per year);Kiev Province, 0.41 ± 0.07; Kiev City, 0.52 ±0.05; Zhytomir Province, 0.22 ± 0.03; othercontaminated territories, 0.41 ± 0.06. Thefirst cases of thyroid cancer in children under14 years of age living in contaminated territorieswere registered in 1990. From 1980 to1990 instances of this cancer were not tabulatedand registered in the areas under study(Prysyazhnyuk et al., 2005).4.IntheChernygov,Kiev,andZhytomirprovinces from 1990 to 1999, where I-131 falloutwas recorded, the incidence of thyroid cancerwas dependent on the level of that fallout.Truncated age-standardized incidence rates interritories with contamination less than 100kBq/m 2 did not exceed two and five casesper 100,000, respectively, in males and females.In territories with contamination greater than100 kBq/m 2 the incidence was four and sixteencases per 100,000, respectively, in malesand females in 1998 and 1999 (Romanenkoet al., 2004; Prysyazhnyuk et al., 2005).5. A survey of 26,601 children in 1998 revealedthat for each case of thyroid cancer therewere 29 other thyroid pathologies (Shybataet al., 2006).6. According to the Ukrainian State Registerfor the period from 1982 to 2003the incidence of thyroid cancer rose significantlyafter 1991 for three different cohortsstudied: liquidators who worked 1986–1987,evacuees from Pripyat City and the 30-kmexclusion zone, and residents in the radioactivelycontaminated areas (Prysyazhnyuk et al.,2002).7. Various estimations of the numbers of thethyroid cancer cases in Ukraine are presentedin Table 6.6.