the Air Force met in Dallas and discussed the UFO question. The idea <strong>of</strong> a so-called "independent"study was first considered at that meeting. A physicist, Dr. Brien O'Brien, headed a special studygroup that came back with the recommendation that the Air Force spend $250,000 a year to obtain"high-grade data." The very fact that a new study was recommended seems to show that anysuppression <strong>of</strong> information or any leaking <strong>of</strong> wild rumors was not the result <strong>of</strong> a secret militarypolicy on the UFO subject but more likely a product <strong>of</strong> the confusion that is rampant at all levels <strong>of</strong>federal bureaucracy. The military was reacting to the sightings in direct proportion to their impacton the press, which they were trying to minimize, and these reactions were clumsy. The confusionthat resulted was unbelievable. The best example <strong>of</strong> this was the Swamp Gas crisis.The Swamp Gas ScandalThe Swamp Gas episode played a decisive role in influencing public opinion at a key moment in thehistory <strong>of</strong> the UFO problem, so it provides a model for local and national passion. The Swamp Gascrisis began for me on Monday morning, March 21, 1966. I was listening to a Chicago radioprogram when the news <strong>of</strong> the Michigan sightings was broadcast: four objects were said to haveflown over a farm near Ann Arbor, and one <strong>of</strong> them had landed in a swampy area. It sounded fairlytypical. In 1964 I had established that more landings tended to occur in isolated places, a fact thatwas first apparent in the computer analysis <strong>of</strong> French cases. Eventually, using Air Force data, Iconvinced Dr. Hynek that the same pattern existed in the United States. Swamps like the Evergladesregion <strong>of</strong> Florida and rugged regions, like central France or the American Northwest, were amongthe places UFOs seemed to prefer. In 1965 as I have pointed out, there had been a series <strong>of</strong> reportsby Australian farmers describing craft that left circular traces in swamp vegetation there.That Monday morning I called Dr. Hynek to alert him to the sightings in Michigan, and he in turncalled Project Blue Book in Dayton, Ohio, to propose that it investigate at once. He suggested thatwe go there before reporters and curiosity seekers destroyed the evidence. The <strong>of</strong>ficer in Daytonwas not interested, as Dr. Hynek later told me."The case hasn't been reported <strong>of</strong>ficially to the Air Force," said the <strong>of</strong>ficer."That's not very scientific," Dr. Hynek remarked."I don't give a damn," was the literal answer.Half an hour later, Project Blue Book called back: "How soon can you be in Ann Arbor?""I thought you weren't interested!""Well, someone has reported the case <strong>of</strong>ficially to us just a minute ago.""Who was that?""The Pentagon! They are deluged with calls. Every reporter in the country wants to know what'sgoing on."The next morning, Dr. Hynek was in Michigan. What happened in Ann Arbor is a classic example<strong>of</strong> misunderstanding with the press. Hynek was under tremendous pressure to release a statementprematurely, as the urging <strong>of</strong> public relations people from the Air Force. In his statement, he calledfor thorough investigation <strong>of</strong> the phenomenon but also mentioned that some people in Michiganmight have seen swamp gas. The press took this for a final verdict and exploded with anger. Howdare this academic man from Chicago challenge the word <strong>of</strong> an honest farmer and seriously suggestthat he had not seen what was evidently a real flying saucer?Those irate comments came from the same newspapers who for years had ridiculed witnesses justlike this poor farmer, and had given no support whatsoever to Dr. Hynek when he begged them toreport UFO cases more accurately. Suddenly it became fashionable to believe in flying saucers. InMarch 1966, reporters were beating the bushes <strong>of</strong> Michigan looking for Martians and UFO experts.The switch took the Air Force by surprise and destroyed the image <strong>of</strong> Project Blue Book in a fewshort days.Public reaction carried the case to Washington, with help from a then-local politician, Gerald Ford,who demanded that full attention be given to what had become known as the Swamp Gas scandal. A
meeting <strong>of</strong> the space committee <strong>of</strong> the Senate pondered the question first and decided quickly thatNASA should not get involved. The space agency had its public image to preserve and declined tohave anything to do with the subject. So they handed this hot potato to the armed forces committee<strong>of</strong> the House.Early in April 1966, the <strong>Secret</strong>ary <strong>of</strong> the Air Force was reported to be in favor <strong>of</strong> a scientificanalysis <strong>of</strong> the 648 cases classified as "unidentified" at that time in the Blue Book files. Late thatmonth, the governor <strong>of</strong> Florida and several reporters saw an unknown flying object from thegovernor's private plane. These reports created a stir, but the outrage over the Michigan incident hadalready subsided. It was almost two months old and no longer newsworthy. An <strong>of</strong>ficial coverup wasfalling back into place. A television documentary carried the debunking <strong>of</strong> the subject to newheights: it showed Harvard astronomer Donald Menzel pouring some benzine over a tankful <strong>of</strong>acetone to demonstrate optical properties that were common knowledge since the eighteenthcentury. He was trying to convince the audience that UFOs were nothing but mirages. "Let meknow next time it rains benzine, will you?" I asked my wife. "We'll go out and watch the flyingsaucers!"Menzel's number was followed by a classical interview with a "contactee" who was relied upon toprovide comic relief by describing his meetings with the "space brothers." His edited statementsseemed to be carefully chosen to make him look as crazy as possible. In contrast with this man, thenext interview was an impressive discussion with another astronomer who stated with authority thatextraterrestrial visitations were extremely improbable. The documentary also contained aninterview with a military <strong>of</strong>ficer who stated that no UFOs were ever detected on radar screens andan interview with an astronomer who declared that no UFOs were ever seen or photographed bysatellite tracking stations.Both statements were outright lies. It is true that radar never "sees" UFOs, but that is only becausemilitary operators call them something else! In their jargon they speak <strong>of</strong> UCTs, "uncorrelatedtargets." At the time the documentary was shown, the Western Defense System was recording aboutseven hundred <strong>of</strong> these baffling UCTs per month! There had even been a suggestion by a highlyrespected astronomer that the military modify their computer program to gather information aboutthese UCTs rather than ignoring them because they didn't fit the trajectory <strong>of</strong> incoming missilies.The suggestion was not implemented.Scared ScientistsWhy are scientists remaining silent? Many astronomers must know what I knew from my days atParis Observatory, namely that we were tracking unidentified objects and even photographing them.Were pr<strong>of</strong>essional scientists afraid <strong>of</strong> the emotional reaction their statements might trigger in agenerally uninformed and credulous public? Or were they simply afraid <strong>of</strong> losing their reputations?Whatever the reason, it could not justify the deliberate destruction <strong>of</strong> scientific data. Even the idea<strong>of</strong> not saying anything that might cause fear did not hold water. The Michigan incident proved thatfear could spread much faster, and with much more destructive effects, among a population that hadbeen kept systematically ignorant <strong>of</strong> the facts. Child psychologists know very well that it is better toprepare the child for the idea that his grandfather is not going to live forever than to let him discoverit when death suddenly strikes. Similarly, by denying the existence <strong>of</strong> the mystery the scientificcommunity is taking serious chances with the belief system <strong>of</strong> the public. In my opinion, suchattitudes have contributed to the long-term loss <strong>of</strong> popular support and respect for science, and theseattitudes continue to be one <strong>of</strong> the factors that drives the public toward the many cults, which plaguethis field.Throughout that period much was happening under the surface, however. We began receiving lettersand phone calls from specialists who wanted to participate in the investigation <strong>of</strong> the phenomenon.In his absorbing book The UFO Experience, Dr. Hynek has described how this little group grewduring the late sixties and early seventies. If this network ever decided to become visible, a brilliant
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Foreword by Whitley StrieberThere a
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It is sad that, as the twentieth ce
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PART ONE: THE ALIEN CHRONICLESIn th
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lot about it, but nobody said 'Let'
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The resemblance of the Dogu statues
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various forms of error worship unde
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them. These apparitions are scarce,
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was again shot at. Another creature
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The story is fantastic. Yet it remi
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their virginity in the sanctuaries
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A letter from a British woman begin
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The recollections of the legionnair
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lades. In less time than it takes t
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e called Smith said: "No, we cannot
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Celtic legends, along with the docu
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probably took place in the second p
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Australian Air Force Intelligence p
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ings in the fields and prairies?One
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From behind the object, two beings
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"in smooth English." They did not s
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to four feet tall, dressed in white
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expectations as if they were mere t
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came out of it, but this person was
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6. When men did not inhabit most of
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the negative reactions of scientist
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other in appearance, dress, mode of
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saw that they had made a grin, he h
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and rode out after dark in search o
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sighting, and the Sonny Desvergers
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PART TWO: ANOTHER REALITYDuring the
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pencil in a buttonhole with a piece
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short perpendicular line on each en
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sudden displacement of warm air or
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- Page 150 and 151: About the AuthorAn astrophysicist b