other in appearance, dress, mode <strong>of</strong> life, and dialects.Although the connection between climate and size is not very tenable, Campbell's remarks do openthe way to interesting speculations. He notes that the term Lapnach applies to a certain "little,thickset, insignificant man" who figures in many tales, and he adds:There are many traditional tales in the Highlands <strong>of</strong> much interest... in which little men <strong>of</strong>dwarfish, and even pigmy size, figure as good bowmen, slaying men <strong>of</strong> large size, andpowerful make, by their dexterity in the use <strong>of</strong> the bow and arrow.In spite <strong>of</strong> their small size, they are understood to have been <strong>of</strong> very considerable strenght. Theywere not "undersized in the same way that children are, but full-grown individuals, undersized andsinewy, or muscular."These dwarfs or pygmies are called Na Amhuisgean or, more correctly, Na h-Amhuisgean. TheEnglish phonetics for the Gaelic amhisg would be "awisk." The same beings are sometimes foundunder the names Tamhaisg and Amhuish, and these words uniformly designate dwarfs. It is ironic,therefore, that in one tale ("The Lad with the Skin Garments," quoted by folklore researcherMacDougall) the awisks address a human intruder as "O little man" while he in turn calls them "bigmen all."Were there or were there not races <strong>of</strong> dwarfs living among the West and Middle Europeans <strong>of</strong>antiquity? Were the legends about the fairies and the elves based on the fact that the ancientinhabitants <strong>of</strong> the northern parts <strong>of</strong> the British Isles were such a race? Historical and archaeologicalresearchers definitely say no. Yet several writers, such as folklore scholar David MacRitchie, claimthere are indications in this direction.In Tyson's Essay Concerning the Pygmies <strong>of</strong> the Ancients, published in London in 1894, Pr<strong>of</strong>essorWindle, <strong>of</strong> Birmingham, re marks that a race <strong>of</strong> dwarfs supplied the best warriors and bodyguards<strong>of</strong> several kings. Tyson made an extensive study <strong>of</strong> the dwarf races and quotes the Greek historianCtesias:And he adds:Middle India has black men, who are called Pygmies, using the same language as the otherIndians... Of these Pygmies, the king <strong>of</strong> the Indians has three thousand in his train; for theyare very skillful archers.There seem to have been near Lake Zerrah, in Persia, Negrito [pygmy black] tribes who areprobably aboriginal, and may have formed the historic black guard <strong>of</strong> the ancient kings <strong>of</strong>Susania.Tyson's work, to which Windle provided the preface, was written in the seventeenth century. Aftercalling attention to the remark by Ctesias, it goes on:Talentonius and Bartholine think that what Ctesias relates <strong>of</strong> the Pygmies, as their beingvery good archers, very well illustrates this Text <strong>of</strong> Ezekiel.The Ezekiel text in question appears thus in the King James Bible:The men <strong>of</strong> Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and the Gammadimswere in thy towers....And indeed, the English Bishops' Bible <strong>of</strong> 1572 and 1575 does not have "Gammadims" but"Pygmenians." Without going into further detail, it is clear that the Gaelic story <strong>of</strong> a guard <strong>of</strong> dwarf
warriors is not an isolated case.If we return now to David MacRitchie's quotation from the Flemish folklore journal Ons Volksleven,we can learn more:The Fenlanders (a race dwelling in our country prior to the Kelts) were little, but strong,dexterous, and good swimmers, they lived by hunting and fishing. Adam <strong>of</strong> Bremen in theeleventh century thus pictures their descendants or race: "They had large heads, flat faces,flat noses, and large mouths. They lived in caves <strong>of</strong> rocks, which they quitted in thenighttime for the purpose <strong>of</strong> committing sanguinary outrages." The Keltic people, and laterthose <strong>of</strong> German race, so tall and strong, could hardly look upon such little folk as humanbeings. They must have regarded them as strange, mysterious creatures. And when thesenegroes or Fenlanders had lived for a long enough time hidden, for fear <strong>of</strong> the new people,in their grottoes, especially when they at lenght fell into decay through poverty, or died out,they became changed in the imagination <strong>of</strong> the dreamy Germans into mysterious beings, akind <strong>of</strong> ghosts or gods.In a footnote, MacRitchie states that he is "not aware on what grounds this author speaks <strong>of</strong> them asblack people," but he admits that these dwarfish Fenlanders might be regarded as the originals <strong>of</strong>the awisks <strong>of</strong> the Gaelic legend.A tradition in the Orkney Isles <strong>of</strong>fers a parallel to the above story. Sometime in the first part <strong>of</strong> thefifteenth century, Bishop Thomas Tulloch <strong>of</strong> Orkney gave details, in De Orcadibus Insulis, <strong>of</strong> thetradition that the archipelago had been inhabited six centuries earlier by the Papae and a race <strong>of</strong>dwarfs. The Papae were the Irish priests. And the dwarfs were the Picts. In this, MacRitchie followsBarry's Orkney, where we read:They are plainly no other than the Peiths, Picts, or Piks.... The Scandinavian writersgenerally call the Piks Peti, or Pets: one <strong>of</strong> them uses the term Petia, instead <strong>of</strong> Pictland(Saxo-Gram.); and besides, the firth that divides Orkney from Caithness is usuallydenominated Petland Fiord in the Icelandic Sagas <strong>of</strong> histories.The consistency running through these ancient accounts, MacRitchie says, is indeed remarkable.The Irish priests followed St. Columba, who himself was a great-grandson <strong>of</strong> Conall Gulban, who,tradition states, had fierce battles with a race <strong>of</strong> dwarfs. Conall Gulban's fights with the dwarfsindeed are the origin <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> tales sometimes attributed to other legendary heroes. If we try toget as close as possible to the original story, this is what we get:According to J. F. Campbell <strong>of</strong> Islay, Conall Gulban was the son <strong>of</strong> the famous Neil, the ancestor <strong>of</strong>the O'Neills <strong>of</strong> Ulster. He was the great-grandfather <strong>of</strong> St. Columba. His adventures begin in thenorthwest <strong>of</strong> Ireland, "somewhere in the dawn <strong>of</strong> the fifth century." After various experiences,Gulban landed in the "realm <strong>of</strong> Lochlann," generally believed to be Scandinavia, which itself had arather vague meaning at the time. There Gulban was intrigued by a strange construction and askedhis guide: "What pointed house is there?""That is the house <strong>of</strong> the Tamhaisg, the best warriors that are in the realm <strong>of</strong> Lochlann," the guidereplied."I heard my grandfather speaking about the Tamhaisg," said Conall, "but I have never seen them. Iwill go to see them.""It were not my counsel to thee!" were the guide's last words.This advice, naturally, Conall Gulban disregarded. He went straight to the palace <strong>of</strong> the King <strong>of</strong>Lochlann and challenged him to combat. He was told, as recorded by Campbell <strong>of</strong> Islay:He should get no fighting at that time <strong>of</strong> night, but he should get lodging in the house <strong>of</strong> theamhusg (awisks), where there were eighteen hundred amhusg, and eighteen score.... Hewent, and he went in, and there were none <strong>of</strong> the amhuish within that did not grin. When he
- Page 3 and 4: Foreword by Whitley StrieberThere a
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- Page 7 and 8: PART ONE: THE ALIEN CHRONICLESIn th
- Page 9 and 10: lot about it, but nobody said 'Let'
- Page 11 and 12: The resemblance of the Dogu statues
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- Page 18 and 19: was again shot at. Another creature
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- Page 24 and 25: A letter from a British woman begin
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- Page 30 and 31: e called Smith said: "No, we cannot
- Page 32 and 33: Celtic legends, along with the docu
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- Page 38 and 39: ings in the fields and prairies?One
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- Page 42 and 43: "in smooth English." They did not s
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- Page 50 and 51: 6. When men did not inhabit most of
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- Page 62 and 63: PART TWO: ANOTHER REALITYDuring the
- Page 64 and 65: pencil in a buttonhole with a piece
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not natural, was witnessed by perso
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The predicted miracle took place as
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The phenomenon, it seems, could not
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in the final analysis.Many of us wi
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already surrounded....I was told wh
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Since the publication of my earlier
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”A bright flash”Fatima, May 13,
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The Invisible CollegeAfter some thi
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the Air Force met in Dallas and dis
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panel of scientists could rapidly b
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it had been hovering there was now
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like piezo-electricity, or static e
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the group teachings and advice. The
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This is a frightening view, one tha
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John McCoy, who coauthored with Wil
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of reports about "the robots" and "
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eathe our air. They walked normally
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the designation Wolf 424.The myster
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a scar or a mark. The authorities w
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esearches might have a bearing on a
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me undeniable) and as psychic devic
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extraterrestrial theory is not stra
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the universe summarizes the problem
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About the AuthorAn astrophysicist b