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2011 IN REVIEW: In 2011, the relationship between Spain and the EU was largely based on the economy. The international financial crisis and the sovereignty debt crisis in Spain were at the forefront of EU considerations. While the Spanish Prime Minister did not request a bailout, the EU was concerned it would have to help consolidate Spain’s debt which would have essentially crippled the EMU along with the EU. Despite being straddled with one of the largest debts in Europe as well as the highest unemployment rate of any other EU member, Spain was able to improve its economy by the end of the fiscal year. Largely due to EU deliberations and the Lisbon Treaty, Spain was forced to actively seek new ways of improving its economy as well as to suggest new ways to help improve the Euro and thus the economy of the union. The EU was not optimistic in Spain’s economic recovery, especially after its credit rating downgrade by Moody. The Spanish government remained optimistic in its belief of a recovering economy. Spain not only did not request a bail out from the EU, but it managed to increase the minimum wage and boost pensions by the end of 2011. Particularly, the main economic concern the EU had with regards to Spain was the sovereign debt crisis and the “downloading” of this debt on the private sector while trying to refinance the banking system. This consideration dominated in Lisbon Treaty deliberations and detracted from Spain’s usual zeal in pressuring the EU to get involved with the ongoing problems in Mediterranean and Arab countries. Another important topic relates to Spain’s high unemployment rates and its influence on the country’s attempt to close its labour market to workers from Romania. This was chiefly motivated by the government’s desire to protect its economy and decrease the unemployment rate. Also noteworthy is the fact that while having Europe’s largest fishing industry, the lack of any Spanish restructuring of this industry to ensure preservation, prompted the EU to offer potential solutions for the amelioration of the situation. Despite many other crucial issues, such as the 181
environment and foreign relations with Mediterranean and Arab nations, in 2011, Spain mainly engaged with the EU on matters pertaining to the economy and the economic crisis. This relationship is telling of the economic conditions in Europe during 2011. 182
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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CONTENTS GLOSSARY 6 INTRODUCTION 7
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GLOSSARY CEPS Centre for European P
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We sincerely hope that you find our
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BACKGROUND: Austria joined the EU i
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EU Enlargement Another prominent is
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fied EU asylum policy. Once again,
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24 Solana, Javier. "Die Türkei und
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BACKGROUND: Belgium is a constituti
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FINDINGS: Assessment of Belgium’s
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- 25 May 2011: The EU pledged an ex
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1 “EU facts.” Civitas. 21 July
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BULGARIA By Anjela Deyanska Ethnic
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media. 7 In 1997 the German press c
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so viewed, by foreign political sci
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Issue of reforms Since Bulgaria’s
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states, and the EU as a whole, indi
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1 "Bulgaria Country Profile." BBC N
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46 "Чехия: Блокиране
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86 "Калфин: Ако не см
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123 Гутсузян, Мишел. "
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BACKGROUND: Denmark became a member
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countries at the expense of small a
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controls despite backlash from Germ
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not agree with the Eurosceptics and
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1 "European Countries-Denmark." Eur
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FRANCE By Emily Barrette Ethnic com
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Libération www.liberation.fr The t
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o “Les divergences entre Paris et
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elationship explicitly questioned.
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26 Semo, Marc. “Paris le lièvre,
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BACKGROUND: Germany has the largest
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EU; however, believe that each stat
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- Over the weekend of 22 October 20
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testing factory farming, the use of
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were opposed to the ECB´s plan to
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1 “CIA - The World Factbook Germa
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41 Brost, Marc, Matthias Krupa, and
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BACKGROUND In 1981, Greece became a
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other Eurozone countries to find a
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1 "Corruption Perception Index 2011
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BACKGROUND: Hungary is a parliament
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tainment’ style. 16 Blikk is targ
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force in record time - one year - w
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first created with Orban at its hel
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1 “The World Factbook: Hungary.
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IRELAND By Chris Granicolo Ethnic c
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The Irish Times www.irishtimes.com
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the urgency of the European situati
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24 Beesley, Arthur. "All the Work R
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BACKGROUND: Italy was one of the si
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editions for the provinces of Lazio
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Italian economy was more stable and
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opean Commission applauded Italy fo
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29 “Sostegno All'Italia Di Merkel
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BACKGROUND: Though only officially
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EFSF in order to “decisively impr
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from Libya. It also reaffirmed its
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ther needed to “force” other me
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22 Mercieca, Nikki Abela. “PM hop
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BACKGROUND: The Netherlands is a co
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Eurozone because of the credit rati
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illegal immigrants. The freedom of
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POLAND By Stanislaw Pelc Ethnic com
Page 131 and 132: Rzeczpospolita employs many of Gaze
Page 133 and 134: Eastern Partnership Finally, the ma
Page 135 and 136: ole of Poland in the EU. They divid
Page 137 and 138: PORTUGAL By Camilla Guiguer Ethnic
Page 139 and 140: Diario de Noticias www.dn.pt Diario
Page 141 and 142: Portuguese faith still exists in th
Page 143 and 144: 1 Advameg, Inc.. "Portugal Press, M
Page 145 and 146: ROMANIA By Alexandra Savilo Ethnic
Page 147 and 148: and the newspaper upholds a strong
Page 149 and 150: voted to it; even though it was onl
Page 151 and 152: Over the course of the year, most a
Page 153 and 154: 31 Voicu, Anca, Eva Galambos, and M
Page 155 and 156: 63 Toader, Flavius. "Germania şi A
Page 157 and 158: THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION By Amina Abd
Page 159 and 160: in total) in Russia in 2011. 7 Desp
Page 161 and 162: Arab Spring The operation in Libya
Page 163 and 164: - Finally, the question of energy h
Page 165 and 166: 1 Speech by Peter Mandelson, “The
Page 167 and 168: 37 “Russia And The EU Have Agreed
Page 169 and 170: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, S
Page 171 and 172: status and the issues surrounding t
Page 173 and 174: forces after an attempt to staff th
Page 175 and 176: that many articles discussed whethe
Page 177 and 178: 27 "Merkel: Srbija ne ispunjava usl
Page 179 and 180: BACKGROUND: After its 1986 entry in
Page 181: lief, Spain would not be requesting
Page 185 and 186: SWITZERLAND By Rabiya Asad Ethnic c
Page 187 and 188: Swissinfo www.swissinfo.ch Swissinf
Page 189 and 190: available resources for Swiss natio
Page 191 and 192: 1 "Switzerland Country Profile." BB
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND: Turkey’s relationship
Page 195 and 196: The unfair use of Cyprus as a barga
Page 197 and 198: 1 “EU-Turkey Relations.” Europe
Page 199 and 200: UKRAINE By Tanya Branitska Ethnic m
Page 201 and 202: 1+1 www.1plus1.ua 1+1 is the countr
Page 203 and 204: ecome a notable point in the relati
Page 205 and 206: 1 Van Rompuy, Herman “Remarks of
Page 207 and 208: THE UNITED KINGDOM By Debbie Butts
Page 209 and 210: FINDINGS: In January, there were su
Page 211 and 212: into the public arena and being gra
Page 213 and 214: 1 George, S. An Awkward Partner: Br
Page 215 and 216: 44 "UK rejects EU call for city cen
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