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191 TURKEY By Isa Topbas Ethnic composition: Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18%, other minorities 7-12% (2008 est.) Population: 79,749,461 (July 2012 est.) GDP per capita: $14,600 (2011 est.)
BACKGROUND: Turkey’s relationship with the EU (formerly the EEC) dates back some time. Turkey secured a customs union deal with the EU in 1995, after applying for associate membership to the EEC in 1959. This was followed by the signings of the "Ankara Association Protocol" in 1963 and the "Additional Protocol" in 1970. 1 A recurrent element in EU-Turkish relations, thus far, is the slow pace of the negotiations between the two sides. In 1997, Turkey was declared eligible for EU Membership, and was officially made a candidate two years later on “equal footing” with the other candidate countries. 2 Since then however, there has not been much progress in terms of Turkish accession. It took six years to officially open negotiations for accession and the Accession Partnership guiding the process has been revised twice since. 3 Many chapters have been opened and only one has been closed, meaning that any hope among Turks for accession to the EU is diminishing rapidly. MEDIA SOURCES: Zaman www.zaman.com.tr Zaman is the paper with the highest readership and circulation rates in the country; its daily circulation is approximately 1 million. 4 The paper is known for its conservative views and is sometimes linked with the Gülen movement. Launched in 1986, the publication belongs to a large media group, consisting of a media agency, a TV channel, a daily in English, a radio station, and others. 5 Hürriyet www.hurriyet.com.tr Hürriyet is a popular daily with 360,000 copies circulated daily. Its reporting is often provocative, but generally sympathetic to national pride particularly targeting working 192
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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CONTENTS GLOSSARY 6 INTRODUCTION 7
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GLOSSARY CEPS Centre for European P
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We sincerely hope that you find our
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BACKGROUND: Austria joined the EU i
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EU Enlargement Another prominent is
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fied EU asylum policy. Once again,
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24 Solana, Javier. "Die Türkei und
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BACKGROUND: Belgium is a constituti
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FINDINGS: Assessment of Belgium’s
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- 25 May 2011: The EU pledged an ex
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1 “EU facts.” Civitas. 21 July
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BULGARIA By Anjela Deyanska Ethnic
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media. 7 In 1997 the German press c
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so viewed, by foreign political sci
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Issue of reforms Since Bulgaria’s
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states, and the EU as a whole, indi
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1 "Bulgaria Country Profile." BBC N
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46 "Чехия: Блокиране
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86 "Калфин: Ако не см
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123 Гутсузян, Мишел. "
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BACKGROUND: Denmark became a member
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countries at the expense of small a
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controls despite backlash from Germ
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not agree with the Eurosceptics and
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1 "European Countries-Denmark." Eur
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FRANCE By Emily Barrette Ethnic com
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Libération www.liberation.fr The t
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o “Les divergences entre Paris et
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elationship explicitly questioned.
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26 Semo, Marc. “Paris le lièvre,
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BACKGROUND: Germany has the largest
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EU; however, believe that each stat
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- Over the weekend of 22 October 20
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testing factory farming, the use of
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were opposed to the ECB´s plan to
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1 “CIA - The World Factbook Germa
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41 Brost, Marc, Matthias Krupa, and
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BACKGROUND In 1981, Greece became a
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other Eurozone countries to find a
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1 "Corruption Perception Index 2011
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BACKGROUND: Hungary is a parliament
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tainment’ style. 16 Blikk is targ
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force in record time - one year - w
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first created with Orban at its hel
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1 “The World Factbook: Hungary.
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IRELAND By Chris Granicolo Ethnic c
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The Irish Times www.irishtimes.com
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the urgency of the European situati
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24 Beesley, Arthur. "All the Work R
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BACKGROUND: Italy was one of the si
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editions for the provinces of Lazio
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Italian economy was more stable and
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opean Commission applauded Italy fo
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29 “Sostegno All'Italia Di Merkel
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BACKGROUND: Though only officially
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EFSF in order to “decisively impr
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from Libya. It also reaffirmed its
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ther needed to “force” other me
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22 Mercieca, Nikki Abela. “PM hop
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BACKGROUND: The Netherlands is a co
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Eurozone because of the credit rati
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illegal immigrants. The freedom of
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POLAND By Stanislaw Pelc Ethnic com
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Rzeczpospolita employs many of Gaze
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Eastern Partnership Finally, the ma
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ole of Poland in the EU. They divid
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PORTUGAL By Camilla Guiguer Ethnic
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Diario de Noticias www.dn.pt Diario
Page 141 and 142: Portuguese faith still exists in th
Page 143 and 144: 1 Advameg, Inc.. "Portugal Press, M
Page 145 and 146: ROMANIA By Alexandra Savilo Ethnic
Page 147 and 148: and the newspaper upholds a strong
Page 149 and 150: voted to it; even though it was onl
Page 151 and 152: Over the course of the year, most a
Page 153 and 154: 31 Voicu, Anca, Eva Galambos, and M
Page 155 and 156: 63 Toader, Flavius. "Germania şi A
Page 157 and 158: THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION By Amina Abd
Page 159 and 160: in total) in Russia in 2011. 7 Desp
Page 161 and 162: Arab Spring The operation in Libya
Page 163 and 164: - Finally, the question of energy h
Page 165 and 166: 1 Speech by Peter Mandelson, “The
Page 167 and 168: 37 “Russia And The EU Have Agreed
Page 169 and 170: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, S
Page 171 and 172: status and the issues surrounding t
Page 173 and 174: forces after an attempt to staff th
Page 175 and 176: that many articles discussed whethe
Page 177 and 178: 27 "Merkel: Srbija ne ispunjava usl
Page 179 and 180: BACKGROUND: After its 1986 entry in
Page 181 and 182: lief, Spain would not be requesting
Page 183 and 184: environment and foreign relations w
Page 185 and 186: SWITZERLAND By Rabiya Asad Ethnic c
Page 187 and 188: Swissinfo www.swissinfo.ch Swissinf
Page 189 and 190: available resources for Swiss natio
Page 191: 1 "Switzerland Country Profile." BB
Page 195 and 196: The unfair use of Cyprus as a barga
Page 197 and 198: 1 “EU-Turkey Relations.” Europe
Page 199 and 200: UKRAINE By Tanya Branitska Ethnic m
Page 201 and 202: 1+1 www.1plus1.ua 1+1 is the countr
Page 203 and 204: ecome a notable point in the relati
Page 205 and 206: 1 Van Rompuy, Herman “Remarks of
Page 207 and 208: THE UNITED KINGDOM By Debbie Butts
Page 209 and 210: FINDINGS: In January, there were su
Page 211 and 212: into the public arena and being gra
Page 213 and 214: 1 George, S. An Awkward Partner: Br
Page 215 and 216: 44 "UK rejects EU call for city cen
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