Messages in the Media - University of Toronto

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BACKGROUND: While the UK initially rejected membership of the ECSC it joined the EEC in 1973, which would later become the EU. Dubbed Europe’s “awkward partner,” 1 they opted out of the EMU in 1991. 2 Despite this, the UK still plays a leading role in the day-to-day workings of the EU, and EU law supersedes its national law. 3 Today the UK is one of the largest economies in the EU. 4 MEDIA SOURCES: BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) www.bbc.com BBC News is the largest public service broadcaster in the UK, 5 providing ongoing radio, television and online news coverage. BBC News online is the most popular news website in the UK. 6 Although there have been allegations made of a political bias from all parties, the BBC claims to be neutral: “we are independent, impartial and honest.” 7 The Guardian www.guardian.co.uk The Guardian is a left of center British national newspaper published daily, claiming to be “without party affiliation, and faithful to its liberal tradition.” 8 The Guardian Online is one of the most popular British newspaper websites behind the Daily Mail’s Mail Online. 9 Daily Mail www.dailymail.co.uk The Daily Mail is a British conservative middle-market tabloid owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust. It is one of the most popular newspapers in the UK, and has the most popular online offering. 10 207
FINDINGS: In January, there were suggestions of refashioning the EU- UK relationship. 11 A EU Bill was proposed to prevent the handover of further powers to Brussels without a public vote. 12 Tory Eurosceptics expressed dissatisfaction with UK Prime Minister David Cameron and concerns over UK sovereignty as the transfer of powers to the EU continues. 13 The government initially rejected calls for a UK referendum on EU membership, but Conservative pressure for one returned in September. 14 In October, Cameron refused the call for a referendum despite a 100,000 strong petition in September. 15 16 The result was the resignation of several Tories and rebellion against Cameron. 17 18 Statistics showed that 70% of voters want a referendum on the UK’s EU membership. 19 In October and November the majority of the new intake in government also desired a different relationship. 20 The issue of regaining UK power was ongoing throughout the year, and there was a general increase in Euroscepticism. 21 22 UK influence in EU affairs - In February and March, the UK exercised its influence over the EU, encouraging them to take action over the situation in Libya 23 and was perceived to be taking control of EU action in the matter, along with France. Cameron’s approach reveals a conflicting EU stance; he was pro-EU in March 24 and a “practical Eurosceptic” by September. 25 In October, Cameron said that any change to a EU treaty would not be against UK interests, 26 27 yet in December he refused to cooperate. 28 During the Eurozone crisis his focus was on protecting British interests, 29 and reports emerged of arguments between Member States and the UK, with no movement from either side. 30 The Eurozone crisis - In December the Eurozone crisis put treaty changes back on the EU's agenda. 31 32 David Cameron reiterated that 208
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to t
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CONTENTS GLOSSARY 6 INTRODUCTION 7
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GLOSSARY CEPS Centre for European P
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We sincerely hope that you find our
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BACKGROUND: Austria joined the EU i
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EU Enlargement Another prominent is
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fied EU asylum policy. Once again,
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24 Solana, Javier. "Die Türkei und
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BACKGROUND: Belgium is a constituti
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FINDINGS: Assessment of Belgium’s
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- 25 May 2011: The EU pledged an ex
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1 “EU facts.” Civitas. 21 July
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BULGARIA By Anjela Deyanska Ethnic
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media. 7 In 1997 the German press c
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so viewed, by foreign political sci
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Issue of reforms Since Bulgaria’s
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states, and the EU as a whole, indi
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1 "Bulgaria Country Profile." BBC N
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46 "Чехия: Блокиране
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86 "Калфин: Ако не см
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123 Гутсузян, Мишел. "
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BACKGROUND: Denmark became a member
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countries at the expense of small a
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controls despite backlash from Germ
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not agree with the Eurosceptics and
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1 "European Countries-Denmark." Eur
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FRANCE By Emily Barrette Ethnic com
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Libération www.liberation.fr The t
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o “Les divergences entre Paris et
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elationship explicitly questioned.
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26 Semo, Marc. “Paris le lièvre,
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BACKGROUND: Germany has the largest
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EU; however, believe that each stat
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- Over the weekend of 22 October 20
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testing factory farming, the use of
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were opposed to the ECB´s plan to
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1 “CIA - The World Factbook Germa
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41 Brost, Marc, Matthias Krupa, and
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BACKGROUND In 1981, Greece became a
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other Eurozone countries to find a
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1 "Corruption Perception Index 2011
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BACKGROUND: Hungary is a parliament
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tainment’ style. 16 Blikk is targ
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force in record time - one year - w
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first created with Orban at its hel
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1 “The World Factbook: Hungary.
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IRELAND By Chris Granicolo Ethnic c
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The Irish Times www.irishtimes.com
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the urgency of the European situati
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24 Beesley, Arthur. "All the Work R
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BACKGROUND: Italy was one of the si
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editions for the provinces of Lazio
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Italian economy was more stable and
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opean Commission applauded Italy fo
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29 “Sostegno All'Italia Di Merkel
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BACKGROUND: Though only officially
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EFSF in order to “decisively impr
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from Libya. It also reaffirmed its
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ther needed to “force” other me
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22 Mercieca, Nikki Abela. “PM hop
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BACKGROUND: The Netherlands is a co
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Eurozone because of the credit rati
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illegal immigrants. The freedom of
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POLAND By Stanislaw Pelc Ethnic com
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Rzeczpospolita employs many of Gaze
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Eastern Partnership Finally, the ma
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ole of Poland in the EU. They divid
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PORTUGAL By Camilla Guiguer Ethnic
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Diario de Noticias www.dn.pt Diario
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Portuguese faith still exists in th
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1 Advameg, Inc.. "Portugal Press, M
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ROMANIA By Alexandra Savilo Ethnic
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and the newspaper upholds a strong
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voted to it; even though it was onl
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Over the course of the year, most a
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31 Voicu, Anca, Eva Galambos, and M
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63 Toader, Flavius. "Germania şi A
Page 157 and 158: THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION By Amina Abd
Page 159 and 160: in total) in Russia in 2011. 7 Desp
Page 161 and 162: Arab Spring The operation in Libya
Page 163 and 164: - Finally, the question of energy h
Page 165 and 166: 1 Speech by Peter Mandelson, “The
Page 167 and 168: 37 “Russia And The EU Have Agreed
Page 169 and 170: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, S
Page 171 and 172: status and the issues surrounding t
Page 173 and 174: forces after an attempt to staff th
Page 175 and 176: that many articles discussed whethe
Page 177 and 178: 27 "Merkel: Srbija ne ispunjava usl
Page 179 and 180: BACKGROUND: After its 1986 entry in
Page 181 and 182: lief, Spain would not be requesting
Page 183 and 184: environment and foreign relations w
Page 185 and 186: SWITZERLAND By Rabiya Asad Ethnic c
Page 187 and 188: Swissinfo www.swissinfo.ch Swissinf
Page 189 and 190: available resources for Swiss natio
Page 191 and 192: 1 "Switzerland Country Profile." BB
Page 193 and 194: BACKGROUND: Turkey’s relationship
Page 195 and 196: The unfair use of Cyprus as a barga
Page 197 and 198: 1 “EU-Turkey Relations.” Europe
Page 199 and 200: UKRAINE By Tanya Branitska Ethnic m
Page 201 and 202: 1+1 www.1plus1.ua 1+1 is the countr
Page 203 and 204: ecome a notable point in the relati
Page 205 and 206: 1 Van Rompuy, Herman “Remarks of
Page 207: THE UNITED KINGDOM By Debbie Butts
Page 211 and 212: into the public arena and being gra
Page 213 and 214: 1 George, S. An Awkward Partner: Br
Page 215 and 216: 44 "UK rejects EU call for city cen
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