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ReferencesBrandl M (2006) Fitness of human enteric pathogens on plants and implications for foodsafety. Annual Review of Phytopathology 44 367–392.Budowle B et al. (2005a) Toward a system of microbial forensics: From sample collectionto interpretation of evidence. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71(5)2209–2213.Budowle B et al. (2005b) Microbial forensics: The next great forensics challenge. InternationalJournal of Legal Medicine 119(6) 317–330.Coakley SM et al. (1999) Climate change and plant disease management. Annual Reviewof Phytopathology 37 399–426.Chakraborty S Newton AC (2011) Climate change, plant disease and food security: Anoverview. Plant Pathology 60 2–14.Eastburn DM et al. (2011) Influence of atmospheric and climatic change on plant-pathogeninteracations. Plant Pathology 60 54–69.Ferguson M et al. (2010) IITA to intensify fight against deadly cassava disease in sub-SaharanAfrica supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. International Institute ofTropical Agriculture Newsletter 13 January. http://old.iita.org/cms/details/news_details.aspx?articleid=3152&zoneid=81.Fletcher J et al. (2006) Plant pathogen forensics: Capabilities, needs and recommendations.Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 70(2) 450–471. (doi:10.1128/MMBR.00022-05)Fletcher J et al. (2010) Emerging infectious plant diseases. In: Emerging Infectious Diseases(Scheld WM et al. Eds.) pp 337–366. Washington, DC: ASM Press.Fletcher J Stack J (2007) Agricultural biosecurity: Threats and impacts for plant resources.In: Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges—Finding Solutions (Lemon SM et al. Eds.) pp 86–94. Washington, DC: The NationalAcademies Press.Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Plant Production & Protection Division(2010) Wheat Rust—Threat to Farmers and Global Food Security. http://www.fao.org/about/en/.Garrett KA et al. (2011) Complexity in climate change impacts: An analytical frameworkfor effects mediated by plant disease. Plant Pathology 60 31–43.Gullino ML et al. Eds. (2008) Crop Biosecurity: Assuring our Global Food Supply.Dordrecht: Springer.Javid SA (2011) Arab dictatorships inundated by food price protests. Tehran Times,January 27. http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=234768.Kupferschmidt K (2011) As E. coli outbreak recedes, new questions come to the fore.Science 333(6038) 27.Large EC (1940) Advance of the Fungi. New York: Henry Holt and Company.Madden LV (2003) The threat of plant pathogens as weapons against US crops. AnnualReview of Phytopathology 41 155–176.Fletcher157
National Research Council (NRC) (2002a) Committee on Science and Technology forCountering Terrorism, Panel on Biological Issues. Countering Bioterrorism: The Roleof Science and Technology. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.National Research Council (NRC) (2002b) Countering Agricultural Bioterrorism. Washington,DC: National Academies Press.Njau PN et al. (2010) Identification and evaluation of sources of resistance to stem rustrace Ug99 in wheat. Plant Disease 94 413–419.Shaw MW Osborne TM (2011) Geographic distribution of plant pathogens in responseto climate change. Plant Pathology 60 31–43.Stack J et al. (2006) The national plant diagnostic network. Plant Disease 90 128–136.Stack JP Fletcher J (2007) Plant biosecurity infrastructure for disease surveillance anddiagnostics. In: Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing theChallenges—Finding Solutions (Lemon SM et al. Eds.) pp 95–101. Washington, DC:National Academies Press.Teplitski M et al. (2009) Human enteric pathogens in produce: Unanswered ecologicalquestions with direct implications for food safety. Current Opinion in Biotechnology20(2) 166–171.USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) (Undated) AgriculturalSelect Agent Program. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/programs/ag_selectagent/.Whitby SM (2002) Biological Warfare Against Crops. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.158 Food Security: The Intersection of Sustainability, Safety and Defense
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2011National Agricultural Biotechno
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NABC Report 23Food Security: The In
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AcknowledgmentsNABC’s twenty-thir
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Participants in the Student Voice a
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123 Preparing for Emerging and Unkn
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Food Security: The Intersection of
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These interconnected threads demand
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In the developed world, it will req
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On the other hand, his definition o
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Plenary Session 4. Emerging Biotech
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12 Food Security: The Intersection
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The participants’ responses did n
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they are safe. Cultural barriers ca
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• Hydrological mapping, as in Min
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• Food security is a multidiscipl
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awareness beyond anything that advo
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• Some research results indicate
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change, reduce or remove GHG emissi
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perspectives and priorities differ
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Water• Withdrawals from the Color
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Efficient Use of Resources• We ne
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• Foley is working with Google to
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drinking water, stormwater, agricul
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Table 1A. Issues, strategies and de
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The Framework in Summary—A Ten- a
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If funded, Research Implementation
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If funded, Research Implementation
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to be initiated in the first five y
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Deborah Swackhamer is professor and
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These under-nutrition woes are not
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gies. Agricultural sustainability r
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Investment in TechnologyImproved pe
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Last November, the Forum announced
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Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
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Food and Agriculture Organization (
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Richard Isaacson (University of Min
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possibility of cross-pollination th
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in part to companies like Cargill w
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Ralph Hardy (National Agricultural
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and the impacts those things have o
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Analyses of multiple de-greening ci
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June Medford, a professor of biolog
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Genetically Modified CropsIt is cle
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the toxin levels are higher than wo
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• Separate common species• Sepa
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We have a similar situation in the
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ReferencesLövei GL et al. (2009) T
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Figure 1. Canada’s food-safety sy
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However, significant challenges rem
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confirmed cases in seven provinces,
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Page 117 and 118: and from the IIASA Strategic Plan 2
Page 119 and 120: provided software support. We also
Page 121 and 122: Figure 4. Biological agents (classi
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Page 125 and 126: Detlof von Winterfeldt is the direc
Page 127 and 128: Medford: For things like explosives
Page 129 and 130: Robert Buchanan (University of Mary
Page 131 and 132: Ishimaru: In particular with wheat,
Page 133 and 134: Duplessis: In terms of microfluidic
Page 137 and 138: Emergence/Re-EmergenceRegarding eme
Page 139 and 140: • Anticipate and prevent the emer
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Page 143 and 144: Assessing Immune StatusDuring an ou
Page 145 and 146: Table 1. Recent zoonotic agents ide
Page 147 and 148: Figure 2. The impact of culling she
Page 149 and 150: ecognized as a new disease among ca
Page 151 and 152: The West Nile virus is another dram
Page 153 and 154: deer in an attempt to limit the tra
Page 155 and 156: disease centers for training, resea
Page 157 and 158: Lanciotti RS et al. (1999) Origin o
Page 161 and 162: Plant diseases still affect human h
Page 163 and 164: Climate ChangeThe predicted transit
Page 165 and 166: In addition to the NPDRS and the NP
Page 167: arely have a realistic understandin
Page 173 and 174: our universities we can increase aw
Page 175 and 176: evidence and no microbiologic evide
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Page 179 and 180: concern, particular products of con
Page 185 and 186: PreventionMuch can and should be do
Page 187 and 188: Figure 3. Selected recent multi-sta
Page 189 and 190: Figure 6. PulseNet electronic commu
Page 191 and 192: Figure 10. All Salmonella Typhimuri
Page 193 and 194: Figure 13. Listeriosis in the Unite
Page 195 and 196: Figure 15. Case definitions for clu
Page 197 and 198: Figure 18. The surveillance process
Page 199 and 200: Figure 20. Etiology of acute gastro
Page 203 and 204: I will discuss emerging intentional
Page 205 and 206: low-level contamination is on-going
Page 207 and 208: Sometimes these supply chains fall
Page 209 and 210: Clearly, the food system is globall
Page 211 and 212: Figure 13. 2010 Cocoa and cocoa-pre
Page 213 and 214: damage on those who profit from the
Page 215 and 216: target population. In their lives,
Page 217 and 218: it before it reaches the consumer.
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Shaun Kennedy is director of the Na
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ing replacements for cream, for exa
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safety system in reality by guarant
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Figure 2 shows the types of identif
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on better standards for Chinese sta
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Figure 6. Skim-milk-powder project:
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Jeffrey C. Moore is a scientific li
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John Besser: I was a little mystifi
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forensic purposes, as used with OJ
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my farmer friends thought I was cra
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Minnesota’s HeritageAs to why som
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in reality, legislation alone won
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The other aspect of this challenge
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private industry, enhancing the pro
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But it does seem that the United St
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Cathie Woteki is under secretary fo
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We offer the following comments and
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Ehlke, NancyUniversity of Minnesota
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Lumor, StephenUniversity of Minneso
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