Food Security - National Agricultural Biotechnology Council ...

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When asked “Who does what in the area of food safety?”, I say that the Departmentof Ag is responsible for everything that goes into the body, whereas the Department ofHealth is responsible for everything after that. A close synergy is needed between theseagencies. And the University comes into play in terms of training; the expertise that existsin the faculty is very important. To make a long story short, two new buildings, across thestreet from each other, are connected with a skyway. There are three floors of laboratories,with Health in one half, and Ag in the other, separated by a hallway. Scientists go backand forth across the hall to discuss issues of mutual interest. In the administrative building,Health and Ag staff members are interspersed in such a way that people can readilywork together, face to face. About a year after occupation, a member of my senior staff,who had been there for several years, told me that he had talked to some of the Healthpeople for years over the telephone but had never met them personally.The teamwork that has emerged is important and, typically, press conferences involvemembers of the Department of Ag, the Department of Health and the University. Not longago, at a press conference on H1N1, representatives of all three entities fielded questionsoutside the building because Minnesota was first in the United States to identify H1N1.Breaking that news was not something we looked forward to, but, interestingly, becauseof that collaboration, what was a major story on Friday afternoon by Monday morningwas no longer newsworthy because the demonstrated synergy between the three entitieslent confidence that the situation was being handled correctly.Individual CommitmentAnother thing that comes into play is what I refer to as individual commitment. Somethingthat amazed me after being at the Department of Ag for many years was the realizationthat people I knew by their first names had PhDs or multiple degrees, but did not makea fuss about it and were dedicated to their jobs because they cared and were committed.That commitment is important in terms of seeing the job through. It’s one thing toreact to a crisis, but it’s another thing to work on related issues in between times suchthat, when another crisis develops, rapid response is possible. That is unlikely to happenwithout committed people who want to see things done and done correctly. In Europe,in the spring of 2011, a salmonella outbreak had devastating consequences. It quicklyfaded from media coverage and the problems that resulted from it were forgotten: out ofsight, out of mind. In contrast, with agency and university people devoted to learningfrom past instances, the next crisis may be addressed differently and more effectively. Ayoung man at the Department of Agriculture may be referred to as the Sherlock Holmesof paperwork. He’s the one who traced invoices all the way back to McAllen, Texas, todetermine the origin of the contaminated jalapeño peppers. He similarly traced the originof the contaminated peanut butter. Those individuals, even having made importantcontributions, often go unmentioned.ChallengesAre there challenges? Yes there are, and one that comes into play is as follows. There has beena lot of attention in terms of legislation to correct problems at the federal level. However,Hugoson231
in reality, legislation alone won’t do the job. Individuals are needed who are committedto seeing something done and to making things happen. Unfortunately, be it in business,government or academia, silos develop and people who should communicate don’t talkto each other. This can be self-perpetuating for various reasons, such as competition forfunding or competition for recognition. When we looked at co-locating the Departmentsof Health and Ag a number of people within the agency—who no longer are there—saidto me, “Don’t do this. Don’t co-locate with Health.” “Why not?” “They’ll take us over.”It was true that there were twice as many people in the Department of Health as in theDepartment of Ag, but the reality is you have to be willing to risk a little in terms of whodoes what and share responsibilities so that the job gets done.I am a firm believer that there is no perfect organizational structure for anything. Ispent some time in the legislature where some legislators were constantly tinkering withhow to restructure something to make it more efficient. Reality is, you need communicationand if that communication doesn’t take place in an agency of 5,000 people it won’ttake place between two agencies of 100 people who won’t talk to each other. Silos are anatural tendency, and anything that can be done to eliminate them certainly is important.It takes leadership, but it also takes people who are willing to take some risks becausethey are committed to doing the job. Again, one of the things that impressed me aboutworking in a state agency was the personal commitment of people who wanted to makea difference. Many could have made more money elsewhere in normal economic times,whereas their goal was to see things improve in their state. A lot of things go into makinga system work and certainly it’s important to have those in place, but, in the finalanalysis, it still comes down to the people involved and willingness to work with othersin such a way that it will make a difference on a long-term basis. And it’s something tokeep working at as personnel changes occur.Gene Hugoson recently joined the Global Initiative for FoodSystems Leadership as a senior fellow. Previously he served ascommissioner of agriculture for Minnesota for over 15 yearsunder three governors; his focus was on food security andvalue-added production as well as marketing of agriculturalproducts domestically and internationally.Mr. Hugoson was elected five times to the state legislature. He is activelyinvolved in his corn and soybean farm in south-central Minnesota.232 Food Security: The Intersection of Sustainability, Safety and Defense
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2011National Agricultural Biotechno
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NABC Report 23Food Security: The In
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AcknowledgmentsNABC’s twenty-thir
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Participants in the Student Voice a
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123 Preparing for Emerging and Unkn
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Food Security: The Intersection of
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These interconnected threads demand
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In the developed world, it will req
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On the other hand, his definition o
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Plenary Session 4. Emerging Biotech
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12 Food Security: The Intersection
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The participants’ responses did n
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they are safe. Cultural barriers ca
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• Hydrological mapping, as in Min
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• Food security is a multidiscipl
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awareness beyond anything that advo
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• Some research results indicate
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change, reduce or remove GHG emissi
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perspectives and priorities differ
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Water• Withdrawals from the Color
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Efficient Use of Resources• We ne
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• Foley is working with Google to
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drinking water, stormwater, agricul
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Table 1A. Issues, strategies and de
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The Framework in Summary—A Ten- a
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If funded, Research Implementation
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If funded, Research Implementation
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to be initiated in the first five y
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Deborah Swackhamer is professor and
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These under-nutrition woes are not
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gies. Agricultural sustainability r
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Investment in TechnologyImproved pe
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Last November, the Forum announced
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Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
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Food and Agriculture Organization (
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Richard Isaacson (University of Min
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possibility of cross-pollination th
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in part to companies like Cargill w
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Ralph Hardy (National Agricultural
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and the impacts those things have o
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Analyses of multiple de-greening ci
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June Medford, a professor of biolog
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Genetically Modified CropsIt is cle
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the toxin levels are higher than wo
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• Separate common species• Sepa
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We have a similar situation in the
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ReferencesLövei GL et al. (2009) T
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Figure 1. Canada’s food-safety sy
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However, significant challenges rem
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confirmed cases in seven provinces,
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and from the IIASA Strategic Plan 2
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provided software support. We also
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Figure 4. Biological agents (classi
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Detlof von Winterfeldt is the direc
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Medford: For things like explosives
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Robert Buchanan (University of Mary
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Ishimaru: In particular with wheat,
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Duplessis: In terms of microfluidic
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Emergence/Re-EmergenceRegarding eme
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• Anticipate and prevent the emer
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AcuteWith a new emergence, the need
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Assessing Immune StatusDuring an ou
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Table 1. Recent zoonotic agents ide
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Figure 2. The impact of culling she
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ecognized as a new disease among ca
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The West Nile virus is another dram
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deer in an attempt to limit the tra
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disease centers for training, resea
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Lanciotti RS et al. (1999) Origin o
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Plant diseases still affect human h
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Climate ChangeThe predicted transit
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In addition to the NPDRS and the NP
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arely have a realistic understandin
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National Research Council (NRC) (20
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our universities we can increase aw
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evidence and no microbiologic evide
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food-preservation technologies and
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concern, particular products of con
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PreventionMuch can and should be do
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Figure 3. Selected recent multi-sta
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Figure 6. PulseNet electronic commu
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Page 197 and 198: Figure 18. The surveillance process
Page 199 and 200: Figure 20. Etiology of acute gastro
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Page 203 and 204: I will discuss emerging intentional
Page 205 and 206: low-level contamination is on-going
Page 207 and 208: Sometimes these supply chains fall
Page 209 and 210: Clearly, the food system is globall
Page 211 and 212: Figure 13. 2010 Cocoa and cocoa-pre
Page 213 and 214: damage on those who profit from the
Page 215 and 216: target population. In their lives,
Page 217 and 218: it before it reaches the consumer.
Page 219 and 220: Shaun Kennedy is director of the Na
Page 221 and 222: ing replacements for cream, for exa
Page 223 and 224: safety system in reality by guarant
Page 225 and 226: Figure 2 shows the types of identif
Page 227 and 228: on better standards for Chinese sta
Page 229 and 230: Figure 6. Skim-milk-powder project:
Page 231 and 232: Jeffrey C. Moore is a scientific li
Page 233 and 234: John Besser: I was a little mystifi
Page 235 and 236: forensic purposes, as used with OJ
Page 239 and 240: my farmer friends thought I was cra
Page 241: Minnesota’s HeritageAs to why som
Page 245 and 246: The other aspect of this challenge
Page 247 and 248: private industry, enhancing the pro
Page 249 and 250: But it does seem that the United St
Page 251 and 252: Cathie Woteki is under secretary fo
Page 255 and 256: We offer the following comments and
Page 261 and 262: Ehlke, NancyUniversity of Minnesota
Page 263 and 264: Lumor, StephenUniversity of Minneso
Page 265: National Agricultural Biotechnology
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