Food Security - National Agricultural Biotechnology Council ...

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The crisis is a wake-up call, the moment where we recognise that “business asusual” would consign us to a gradual decline…This is Europe’s moment of truth.It is the time to be bold and ambitious…Our short-term priority is a successfulexit from the crisis…To achieve a sustainable future, we must already lookbeyond the short term. Europe needs to get back on track [through] three mutuallyreinforcing priorities:• Smart growth—developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation.• Sustainable growth—promoting a more resource-efficient, greener and morecompetitive economy.• Inclusive growth—fostering a high-employment economy delivering social andterritorial cohesion.In brief: The need is for economic growth from knowledge-driven innovation, within agreener, sustainable environment that is inclusive and achieves social cohesion.The second example is from PepsiCo and its 2009 Corporate Citizenship Report,Performance with Purpose: Investing in Sustainable Growth. It takes a roughly similar approachhighlighting three inter-related themes:• Human sustainability, focusing on healthy products;• Environmental sustainability, focusing on water and greener production processes;and• Talent sustainability, focusing on staff training and skill development within adiverse and inclusive culture.In other words: Healthy products, from sustainable processes made by skilled andempowered people.These are interesting formulations that, in many ways, embody what member stateswant FAO to achieve. Both represent similar themes on the value of what is produced,they acknowledge the centrality of environmental sustainability as a concurrent objective,and they include social concerns of inclusion, capacity and cohesion. How do they—andthe forthcoming presentations at this conference—converge in meeting the component,inter-related parts of the food-security challenge? I would suggest three overarchingprinciples.Win-Win SolutionsFirst, we need to combine two or more simultaneous objectives. Forget trade-offs; weare looking for win-win or triple-win solutions that link drought relief, for example, tolonger-term development, dealing with short-term disasters in ways that enhance longtermpotential and reduce recurrent vulnerabilities. We need to increase production andproductivity while increasing sustainability. This is very clear in the work on agricultureand climate change; we need solutions that increase production, reduce vulnerability toextreme weather events and mitigate the impact of climate change. This is the conceptunderpinning “climate smart” agriculture that has the objective of looking for solutionsthat simultaneously increase productivity, reduce vulnerability and increase resilience toGustafson31
change, reduce or remove GHG emissions, and contribute to food security and nationaldevelopmentgoals.A related concept is “sustainable intensification,” which is now the stated objective ofFAO’s work on agricultural production. Conservation agriculture is an excellent examplethat is, likewise, a central thrust of FAO’s work. The main tenets are continuous minimummechanical disturbance of the soil, permanent organic soil cover, and diversification ofcrop species grown in sequence or in association. Productivity should go up as moistureretention is improved, soil erosion diminishes, and the land (and its production) becomesless vulnerable to the impacts of rising temperatures and extreme weather events. Ideally,there is no trade-off; rather there are simultaneous benefits on several fronts: production,income, carbon sequestration, soil improvement, water management, decreased vulnerability.Similarly, integrated pest management seeks simultaneously to increase productionwhile decreasing input costs and use of pesticides.New approaches to food safety offer other examples. We need ways to intensify livestockproduction (particularly in developing countries) that reduce their environmentalimpact and also diminish entry of animal-origin pathogens to the food supply. The worldis consuming increasing quantities of meat, which needs to be produced in ways that aresustainable, that diminish rather than increase GHG emissions, and that do not pollutewater supplies or otherwise increase food-safety risks.Convergence of DisciplinesThe second area is the convergence of disciplines, integrated within systems-based approaches.Solutions that meet the simultaneous objectives mentioned above often derivefrom an ecosystems approach. Similarly, analyses at the landscape level expand our abilityto see beyond the field level and integrate data to understand complex systems. The “OneHealth” paradigm is another excellent example, as it recognizes that emerging infectiousdiseases and many other threats can be dealt with only by integrating animal, human andenvironmental health. Food safety experts have taken a systems approach for a long timeand HACCP1 analysis is, at heart, a systems approach to hazard analysis. The evolutiontoward a more thorough risk-management approach from farm to table takes it further.Convergence of Science and SocietyThe third theme is convergence of science and society. Addressing very challenging,complex problems requires empowering people and communities to understand the issues—andthe science—to make informed and creative decisions: “Talent sustainability,”if you will, on a large scale. No matter how converged the objectives, or cross-disciplinarythe systems-approach, no one person can successfully implement solutions to complexproblems if the definition of the problem varies among stakeholders. No single leaderor institution is in charge of any one issue and the outcome will depend on a host ofbehavioral changes and cumulative decisions. There are, however, good examples of howscience and society can converge for better outcomes, and we need many more.1Hazard analysis and critical control points, see footnote, page 211.32 Food Security: The Intersection of Sustainability, Safety and Defense
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Page 5 and 6: NABC Report 23Food Security: The In
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgmentsNABC’s twenty-thir
Page 9 and 10: Participants in the Student Voice a
Page 11 and 12: 123 Preparing for Emerging and Unkn
Page 13 and 14: Food Security: The Intersection of
Page 15 and 16: These interconnected threads demand
Page 17 and 18: In the developed world, it will req
Page 19 and 20: On the other hand, his definition o
Page 21 and 22: Plenary Session 4. Emerging Biotech
Page 23 and 24: 12 Food Security: The Intersection
Page 27 and 28: The participants’ responses did n
Page 29 and 30: they are safe. Cultural barriers ca
Page 31 and 32: • Hydrological mapping, as in Min
Page 33 and 34: • Food security is a multidiscipl
Page 39 and 40: awareness beyond anything that advo
Page 41: • Some research results indicate
Page 45 and 46: perspectives and priorities differ
Page 49 and 50: Water• Withdrawals from the Color
Page 51 and 52: Efficient Use of Resources• We ne
Page 53 and 54: • Foley is working with Google to
Page 55 and 56: drinking water, stormwater, agricul
Page 57 and 58: Table 1A. Issues, strategies and de
Page 59 and 60: The Framework in Summary—A Ten- a
Page 61 and 62: If funded, Research Implementation
Page 63 and 64: If funded, Research Implementation
Page 65 and 66: to be initiated in the first five y
Page 67 and 68: Deborah Swackhamer is professor and
Page 69 and 70: These under-nutrition woes are not
Page 71 and 72: gies. Agricultural sustainability r
Page 73 and 74: Investment in TechnologyImproved pe
Page 75 and 76: Last November, the Forum announced
Page 77 and 78: Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
Page 79 and 80: Food and Agriculture Organization (
Page 83 and 84: Richard Isaacson (University of Min
Page 85 and 86: possibility of cross-pollination th
Page 87 and 88: in part to companies like Cargill w
Page 89 and 90: Ralph Hardy (National Agricultural
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82 Food Security: The Intersection
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Analyses of multiple de-greening ci
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June Medford, a professor of biolog
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Genetically Modified CropsIt is cle
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the toxin levels are higher than wo
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• Separate common species• Sepa
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We have a similar situation in the
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ReferencesLövei GL et al. (2009) T
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Figure 1. Canada’s food-safety sy
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However, significant challenges rem
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confirmed cases in seven provinces,
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and from the IIASA Strategic Plan 2
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provided software support. We also
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Figure 4. Biological agents (classi
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Detlof von Winterfeldt is the direc
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Medford: For things like explosives
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Robert Buchanan (University of Mary
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Ishimaru: In particular with wheat,
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Duplessis: In terms of microfluidic
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Emergence/Re-EmergenceRegarding eme
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• Anticipate and prevent the emer
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AcuteWith a new emergence, the need
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Assessing Immune StatusDuring an ou
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Table 1. Recent zoonotic agents ide
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Figure 2. The impact of culling she
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ecognized as a new disease among ca
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The West Nile virus is another dram
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deer in an attempt to limit the tra
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disease centers for training, resea
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Lanciotti RS et al. (1999) Origin o
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Plant diseases still affect human h
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Climate ChangeThe predicted transit
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In addition to the NPDRS and the NP
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arely have a realistic understandin
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National Research Council (NRC) (20
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our universities we can increase aw
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evidence and no microbiologic evide
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food-preservation technologies and
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concern, particular products of con
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PreventionMuch can and should be do
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Figure 3. Selected recent multi-sta
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Figure 6. PulseNet electronic commu
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Figure 10. All Salmonella Typhimuri
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Figure 13. Listeriosis in the Unite
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Figure 15. Case definitions for clu
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Figure 18. The surveillance process
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Figure 20. Etiology of acute gastro
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I will discuss emerging intentional
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low-level contamination is on-going
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Sometimes these supply chains fall
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Clearly, the food system is globall
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Figure 13. 2010 Cocoa and cocoa-pre
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damage on those who profit from the
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target population. In their lives,
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it before it reaches the consumer.
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Shaun Kennedy is director of the Na
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ing replacements for cream, for exa
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safety system in reality by guarant
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Figure 2 shows the types of identif
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on better standards for Chinese sta
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Figure 6. Skim-milk-powder project:
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Jeffrey C. Moore is a scientific li
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John Besser: I was a little mystifi
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forensic purposes, as used with OJ
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my farmer friends thought I was cra
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Minnesota’s HeritageAs to why som
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in reality, legislation alone won
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The other aspect of this challenge
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private industry, enhancing the pro
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But it does seem that the United St
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Cathie Woteki is under secretary fo
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We offer the following comments and
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Ehlke, NancyUniversity of Minnesota
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Lumor, StephenUniversity of Minneso
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National Agricultural Biotechnology
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