Food Security - National Agricultural Biotechnology Council ...

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EU—can be fatal and preclude reaping the food benefits that may come frombiotechnology, for example.• Should legislators encourage farmers to produce and sell more-nutritious foodlocally? How much regulation would be appropriate? What would be the impactof the Tester Amendment5?• Means should be considered whereby farmers can be penalized for poor soilmanagementpractices, to mitigate against the philosophy that it’s “their” land.• Discussions of agricultural policy need to be broad to include climate change,agricultural adaptation, and resilient crop genotypes that will thrive in stressedenvironments.• Low-cost food policies are in effect in several countries. Does this policy encourageincreased food production?• In the United States and Canada, the cost of food is
• Food security is a multidisciplinary entity. The disciplines involved need to bedefined to understand the social factors involved in decision-making. Accordinglynational and international initiatives will require taking local priorities into account.Each country has unique strengths and weaknesses, therefore, optimizationof national strengths will be needed to feed 9.5 billion people by 2050. Educationand training clearly are important and improving scientific literacy of the populationas a whole will be necessary to ensure accurate risk assessment of geneticallyengineered crops and animals, food irradiation, etc.• As climate change occurs, education can help farmers make good decisions withregard to planting patterns (what to plant, how much to plant, when, etc.).Risk• How is risk assessment to be taught, particularly environmental risk assessment?Multidisciplinary input will be needed including a strong social-science component.Inevitably, risk assessments will be underpinned by cultural values yet mustbe based on scientific data.• Formal protocols are needed for analysis of risk from new technologies, whichincludes input from diverse experts. We usually cope well with engineered systems,but less so with ecosystems, and with terrorism we are just inching our wayin. Some say risk analysis will not help to prevent terrorism; on the other hand,we need to take what we know as far as possible. The weakest link issue is still aconcern.• Risk-analysis protocols must be expanded to encompass terrorism, includingbehavioral analyses of adaptable adversaries.• What is an acceptable level of risk where food is concerned? The FDA allows risk/benefit assessments for drugs. However, with food there is no accepted standardfor risk/benefit assessment. From a cultural aspect, the risk is expected to be zero.For genetically engineered crops, for example, we must attempt to balance benefitwith acceptable risk. Often the risk component is emphasized whereas potentialbenefits are missed or ignored.• Again, improving scientific literacy in the population as a whole will be necessaryto ensure scientifically based risk assessment.• What model should be adopted by countries devising litigation for risk assessmentof genetically engineered crops? The US model isn’t seen favorably by many.Biofuel and Energy• Research is needed to provide better understanding of the role of biofuels inrecent increases in food prices globally.• Although second-generation biofuels hold much promise, environmental implicationsof exploitation of marginal lands—from large-scale planting of switchgrass22 Food Security: The Intersection of Sustainability, Safety and Defense
Page 2: 2011National Agricultural Biotechno
Page 5 and 6: NABC Report 23Food Security: The In
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgmentsNABC’s twenty-thir
Page 9 and 10: Participants in the Student Voice a
Page 11 and 12: 123 Preparing for Emerging and Unkn
Page 13 and 14: Food Security: The Intersection of
Page 15 and 16: These interconnected threads demand
Page 17 and 18: In the developed world, it will req
Page 19 and 20: On the other hand, his definition o
Page 21 and 22: Plenary Session 4. Emerging Biotech
Page 23 and 24: 12 Food Security: The Intersection
Page 27 and 28: The participants’ responses did n
Page 29 and 30: they are safe. Cultural barriers ca
Page 31: • Hydrological mapping, as in Min
Page 39 and 40: awareness beyond anything that advo
Page 41 and 42: • Some research results indicate
Page 43 and 44: change, reduce or remove GHG emissi
Page 45 and 46: perspectives and priorities differ
Page 49 and 50: Water• Withdrawals from the Color
Page 51 and 52: Efficient Use of Resources• We ne
Page 53 and 54: • Foley is working with Google to
Page 55 and 56: drinking water, stormwater, agricul
Page 57 and 58: Table 1A. Issues, strategies and de
Page 59 and 60: The Framework in Summary—A Ten- a
Page 61 and 62: If funded, Research Implementation
Page 63 and 64: If funded, Research Implementation
Page 65 and 66: to be initiated in the first five y
Page 67 and 68: Deborah Swackhamer is professor and
Page 69 and 70: These under-nutrition woes are not
Page 71 and 72: gies. Agricultural sustainability r
Page 73 and 74: Investment in TechnologyImproved pe
Page 75 and 76: Last November, the Forum announced
Page 77 and 78: Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
Page 79 and 80: Food and Agriculture Organization (
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Richard Isaacson (University of Min
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possibility of cross-pollination th
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in part to companies like Cargill w
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Ralph Hardy (National Agricultural
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and the impacts those things have o
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82 Food Security: The Intersection
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Analyses of multiple de-greening ci
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June Medford, a professor of biolog
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Genetically Modified CropsIt is cle
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the toxin levels are higher than wo
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• Separate common species• Sepa
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We have a similar situation in the
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ReferencesLövei GL et al. (2009) T
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Figure 1. Canada’s food-safety sy
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However, significant challenges rem
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confirmed cases in seven provinces,
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and from the IIASA Strategic Plan 2
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provided software support. We also
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Figure 4. Biological agents (classi
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Detlof von Winterfeldt is the direc
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Medford: For things like explosives
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Robert Buchanan (University of Mary
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Ishimaru: In particular with wheat,
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Duplessis: In terms of microfluidic
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Emergence/Re-EmergenceRegarding eme
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• Anticipate and prevent the emer
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AcuteWith a new emergence, the need
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Assessing Immune StatusDuring an ou
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Table 1. Recent zoonotic agents ide
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Figure 2. The impact of culling she
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ecognized as a new disease among ca
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The West Nile virus is another dram
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deer in an attempt to limit the tra
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disease centers for training, resea
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Lanciotti RS et al. (1999) Origin o
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Plant diseases still affect human h
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Climate ChangeThe predicted transit
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In addition to the NPDRS and the NP
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arely have a realistic understandin
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National Research Council (NRC) (20
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our universities we can increase aw
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evidence and no microbiologic evide
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food-preservation technologies and
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concern, particular products of con
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PreventionMuch can and should be do
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Figure 3. Selected recent multi-sta
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Figure 6. PulseNet electronic commu
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Figure 10. All Salmonella Typhimuri
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Figure 13. Listeriosis in the Unite
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Figure 15. Case definitions for clu
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Figure 18. The surveillance process
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Figure 20. Etiology of acute gastro
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I will discuss emerging intentional
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low-level contamination is on-going
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Sometimes these supply chains fall
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Clearly, the food system is globall
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Figure 13. 2010 Cocoa and cocoa-pre
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damage on those who profit from the
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target population. In their lives,
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it before it reaches the consumer.
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Shaun Kennedy is director of the Na
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ing replacements for cream, for exa
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safety system in reality by guarant
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Figure 2 shows the types of identif
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on better standards for Chinese sta
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Figure 6. Skim-milk-powder project:
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Jeffrey C. Moore is a scientific li
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John Besser: I was a little mystifi
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forensic purposes, as used with OJ
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my farmer friends thought I was cra
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Minnesota’s HeritageAs to why som
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in reality, legislation alone won
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The other aspect of this challenge
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private industry, enhancing the pro
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But it does seem that the United St
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Cathie Woteki is under secretary fo
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We offer the following comments and
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Ehlke, NancyUniversity of Minnesota
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Lumor, StephenUniversity of Minneso
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National Agricultural Biotechnology
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