Food Security - National Agricultural Biotechnology Council ...

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Agricultural Science, the First Best Hopefor the FutureCatherine WotekiUnited States Department of AgricultureWashington, DCcatherine.woteki@osec.usda.govI am pleased to be able to weigh in on the theme of NABC 23: global food security.There’s no question that we are living in extraordinary times and facing enormous challengesboth at home and around the globe. But, to me, the most urgent problem facingus—surpassing even terrorism or nuclear proliferation—is making sure we can providethe safe, nutritious food and clean water needed to support an ever-growing population,and to do that in a sustainable manner.As a scientist, I know that the research we need to address global food security can’twait. Research takes time, it takes long-term funding, and it takes a work force educatedenough to do it. I see a large part of my mission at USDA1 as moving the ball forwardon all of those areas so that our nation can keep its place as a science leader and help theworld address the challenges that lie ahead.The United Nations projections for global population were recently revised upwards—toa global population of 10 billion people by 2100, 3 billion more than today, and theywill all need to be fed. Robert Thompson uses a very startling image to illustrate thatgrowth rate:By 2050, the world population will have grown by the equivalent of twoChinas—one by 2020 and the other between 2025 and 2050.The challenge of such a population increase is compounded by a larger demand forprotein foods in their diets. More meat requires greater inputs to produce. Given allthese predictions, food production may need to double by later in this century—andagricultural research is the only way to accomplish that. Science is also essential to makingthose productivity gains in a sustainable manner—in a way that stewards soil, water,biodiversity, community vitality, and other natural and human resources.1Dr. Woteki is under secretary for Research, Education, and Economics, and USDA’s chief scientist.233
The other aspect of this challenge is what I call the “preservation gap.” Fully 40% of thefood that’s produced is lost after harvest to insects, rodents and rot. Solving the preservationdilemma will go a long way toward solving our global food-security problem.Investment in Agricultural ScienceIn my role at USDA, I am keenly aware of how important the work university and USDAscientists pursue is to addressing these needs. We have focused our work on five priorityareas—Food Security, Food Safety, Bioenergy, Climate Change and Nutrition—all ofwhich tie back to making the supply of food more secure here in the United States andaround the globe. To meet these priorities, however, will require funding, and that is anover-arching difficulty facing our government today.A look at our history and at countries around the world shows that increasing ourinvestments in agricultural science, education, and technology is the foundation neededfor a strong future. Many economic studies have shown that investments made in publiclyfundedresearch have earned substantial returns to the US economy, with total economicbenefits exceeding costs by at least twenty to one. Much of the economic benefit from thisresearch goes to consumers, who gain from more-abundant, lower-cost, better-quality andsafer food. In the United States, we’ve seen the benefits of public research in breakthroughsthat improve the productivity of our agricultural producers, giving them the tools theyneed to produce our food more efficiently and cost-effectively.Today, the United States enjoys one of the safest, most abundant, high-quality, anddiverse food and agricultural systems in the world. We didn’t get here by accident. Wegot here by investing in agricultural science and education and by transferring scientificknowledge and technologies to America’s hardworking farmers and businessmen.Unparalleled ChallengesOne of the best things that public investment in science and education has done over thelast 149 years is building an agricultural research, education, and extension system thatis unequaled and which has contributed greatly to our nation’s success.It’s the system that transformed the nation by making higher education not onlypractical, but accessible to all. It’s also the system that faces unparalleled challenges in atime of tight budgets. Budget cuts from the 2011 continuing resolution are already affectingthe state experiment stations and Cooperative Extension as well as research thatUSDA scientists engage in to assure domestic food security and help feed the world. Inaddition, budget cuts are affecting our standing in the global scientific community. Our2012 budget is currently being debated in Congress, but the outlook for USDA scienceis not promising. Unfortunately, USDA science has not been treated in the same manneras that of the other research agencies and has lost substantial ground, whereas others havereceived only modest reductions in their support.What’s worrisome here at home is also occurring globally. Growth in public researchinvestment has significantly slowed over the course of the last three decades as the world’sgovernments have underinvested in agricultural R&D.234 Food Security: The Intersection of Sustainability, Safety and Defense
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2011National Agricultural Biotechno
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NABC Report 23Food Security: The In
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AcknowledgmentsNABC’s twenty-thir
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Participants in the Student Voice a
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123 Preparing for Emerging and Unkn
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Food Security: The Intersection of
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These interconnected threads demand
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In the developed world, it will req
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On the other hand, his definition o
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Plenary Session 4. Emerging Biotech
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12 Food Security: The Intersection
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The participants’ responses did n
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they are safe. Cultural barriers ca
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• Hydrological mapping, as in Min
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• Food security is a multidiscipl
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awareness beyond anything that advo
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• Some research results indicate
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change, reduce or remove GHG emissi
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perspectives and priorities differ
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Water• Withdrawals from the Color
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Efficient Use of Resources• We ne
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• Foley is working with Google to
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drinking water, stormwater, agricul
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Table 1A. Issues, strategies and de
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The Framework in Summary—A Ten- a
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If funded, Research Implementation
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If funded, Research Implementation
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to be initiated in the first five y
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Deborah Swackhamer is professor and
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These under-nutrition woes are not
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gies. Agricultural sustainability r
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Investment in TechnologyImproved pe
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Last November, the Forum announced
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Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
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Food and Agriculture Organization (
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Richard Isaacson (University of Min
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possibility of cross-pollination th
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in part to companies like Cargill w
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Ralph Hardy (National Agricultural
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and the impacts those things have o
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Analyses of multiple de-greening ci
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June Medford, a professor of biolog
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Genetically Modified CropsIt is cle
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the toxin levels are higher than wo
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• Separate common species• Sepa
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We have a similar situation in the
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ReferencesLövei GL et al. (2009) T
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Figure 1. Canada’s food-safety sy
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However, significant challenges rem
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confirmed cases in seven provinces,
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and from the IIASA Strategic Plan 2
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provided software support. We also
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Figure 4. Biological agents (classi
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Detlof von Winterfeldt is the direc
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Medford: For things like explosives
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Robert Buchanan (University of Mary
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Ishimaru: In particular with wheat,
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Duplessis: In terms of microfluidic
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Emergence/Re-EmergenceRegarding eme
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• Anticipate and prevent the emer
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AcuteWith a new emergence, the need
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Assessing Immune StatusDuring an ou
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Table 1. Recent zoonotic agents ide
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Figure 2. The impact of culling she
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ecognized as a new disease among ca
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The West Nile virus is another dram
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deer in an attempt to limit the tra
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disease centers for training, resea
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Lanciotti RS et al. (1999) Origin o
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Plant diseases still affect human h
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Climate ChangeThe predicted transit
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In addition to the NPDRS and the NP
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arely have a realistic understandin
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National Research Council (NRC) (20
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our universities we can increase aw
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evidence and no microbiologic evide
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food-preservation technologies and
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concern, particular products of con
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PreventionMuch can and should be do
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Figure 3. Selected recent multi-sta
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Figure 6. PulseNet electronic commu
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Figure 10. All Salmonella Typhimuri
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Page 207 and 208: Sometimes these supply chains fall
Page 209 and 210: Clearly, the food system is globall
Page 211 and 212: Figure 13. 2010 Cocoa and cocoa-pre
Page 213 and 214: damage on those who profit from the
Page 215 and 216: target population. In their lives,
Page 217 and 218: it before it reaches the consumer.
Page 219 and 220: Shaun Kennedy is director of the Na
Page 221 and 222: ing replacements for cream, for exa
Page 223 and 224: safety system in reality by guarant
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Page 227 and 228: on better standards for Chinese sta
Page 229 and 230: Figure 6. Skim-milk-powder project:
Page 231 and 232: Jeffrey C. Moore is a scientific li
Page 233 and 234: John Besser: I was a little mystifi
Page 235 and 236: forensic purposes, as used with OJ
Page 239 and 240: my farmer friends thought I was cra
Page 241 and 242: Minnesota’s HeritageAs to why som
Page 243: in reality, legislation alone won
Page 247 and 248: private industry, enhancing the pro
Page 249 and 250: But it does seem that the United St
Page 251 and 252: Cathie Woteki is under secretary fo
Page 255 and 256: We offer the following comments and
Page 261 and 262: Ehlke, NancyUniversity of Minnesota
Page 263 and 264: Lumor, StephenUniversity of Minneso
Page 265: National Agricultural Biotechnology
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