Food Security - National Agricultural Biotechnology Council ...

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Food Fraud: Public Health Threats and the Need for New Analytical Detection Approacheswas the theme addressed by Jeffrey Moore (US Pharmacopeia), who focused largely onEMA of food products. A practical example is the adulteration of milk with water—whenmilk was sold by weight—to increase its value at sale. When milk was sold based onprotein content, its adulteration with water was eliminated. However, in more recenttimes, it has been adulterated with melamine because protein content is often assayedwith non-specific technologies like the Kjeldahl method, which measures total nitrogen.More-specific methods and/or method combinations can detect melamine adulterationand more precisely measure protein content. EMA examples are numerous: wheat canbe extended with urea; turmeric powder can be extended with lead chromate; and oliveoil can be diluted with hazelnut oil. Factors that motivate EMA are the rising prices ofagricultural raw materials, the complexity of supply chains, and the complex compositionsof food products. Many times, adulteration has had significant public-healthconsequences, e.g. fatalities from adulteration of baby formula with melamine. Mooreprovided examples of the significant advances achieved by the US Pharmacopeia1 (USP)in collaboration with many institutions in establishing standards to detect EMA. However,he also pointed out that…the nature of EMA and the paucity of analytical detection methods means thatthe safety of counterfeit foods is in the hands of fraudsters. A significant gap needsto be filled to develop analytical technologies to detect and deter EMA.1A global independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental, science-based, public-health, volunteer-basedorganization dedicated to the collection and establishment of standards for pharmaceuticals, medicines anddietary supplements. Since 1966 it has produced the Food Chemicals Codex, a compendium of internationallyrecognized standards for the purity and identity of food ingredients.Ponce de León11
12 Food Security: The Intersection of Sustainability, Safety and Defense
Page 2: 2011National Agricultural Biotechno
Page 5 and 6: NABC Report 23Food Security: The In
Page 7 and 8: AcknowledgmentsNABC’s twenty-thir
Page 9 and 10: Participants in the Student Voice a
Page 11 and 12: 123 Preparing for Emerging and Unkn
Page 13 and 14: Food Security: The Intersection of
Page 15 and 16: These interconnected threads demand
Page 17 and 18: In the developed world, it will req
Page 19 and 20: On the other hand, his definition o
Page 21: Plenary Session 4. Emerging Biotech
Page 25 and 26: 14 Food Security: The Intersection
Page 27 and 28: The participants’ responses did n
Page 29 and 30: they are safe. Cultural barriers ca
Page 31 and 32: • Hydrological mapping, as in Min
Page 33 and 34: • Food security is a multidiscipl
Page 39 and 40: awareness beyond anything that advo
Page 41 and 42: • Some research results indicate
Page 43 and 44: change, reduce or remove GHG emissi
Page 45 and 46: perspectives and priorities differ
Page 49 and 50: Water• Withdrawals from the Color
Page 51 and 52: Efficient Use of Resources• We ne
Page 53 and 54: • Foley is working with Google to
Page 55 and 56: drinking water, stormwater, agricul
Page 57 and 58: Table 1A. Issues, strategies and de
Page 59 and 60: The Framework in Summary—A Ten- a
Page 61 and 62: If funded, Research Implementation
Page 63 and 64: If funded, Research Implementation
Page 65 and 66: to be initiated in the first five y
Page 67 and 68: Deborah Swackhamer is professor and
Page 69 and 70: These under-nutrition woes are not
Page 71 and 72: gies. Agricultural sustainability r
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Investment in TechnologyImproved pe
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Last November, the Forum announced
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Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
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Food and Agriculture Organization (
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70 Food Security: The Intersection
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Richard Isaacson (University of Min
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possibility of cross-pollination th
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in part to companies like Cargill w
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Ralph Hardy (National Agricultural
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and the impacts those things have o
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Analyses of multiple de-greening ci
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June Medford, a professor of biolog
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Genetically Modified CropsIt is cle
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the toxin levels are higher than wo
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• Separate common species• Sepa
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We have a similar situation in the
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ReferencesLövei GL et al. (2009) T
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Figure 1. Canada’s food-safety sy
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However, significant challenges rem
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confirmed cases in seven provinces,
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and from the IIASA Strategic Plan 2
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provided software support. We also
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Figure 4. Biological agents (classi
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Detlof von Winterfeldt is the direc
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Medford: For things like explosives
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Robert Buchanan (University of Mary
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Ishimaru: In particular with wheat,
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Duplessis: In terms of microfluidic
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Emergence/Re-EmergenceRegarding eme
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• Anticipate and prevent the emer
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AcuteWith a new emergence, the need
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Assessing Immune StatusDuring an ou
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Table 1. Recent zoonotic agents ide
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Figure 2. The impact of culling she
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ecognized as a new disease among ca
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The West Nile virus is another dram
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deer in an attempt to limit the tra
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disease centers for training, resea
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Lanciotti RS et al. (1999) Origin o
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Plant diseases still affect human h
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Climate ChangeThe predicted transit
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In addition to the NPDRS and the NP
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arely have a realistic understandin
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National Research Council (NRC) (20
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our universities we can increase aw
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evidence and no microbiologic evide
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food-preservation technologies and
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concern, particular products of con
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PreventionMuch can and should be do
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Figure 3. Selected recent multi-sta
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Figure 6. PulseNet electronic commu
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Figure 10. All Salmonella Typhimuri
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Figure 13. Listeriosis in the Unite
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Figure 15. Case definitions for clu
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Figure 18. The surveillance process
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Figure 20. Etiology of acute gastro
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I will discuss emerging intentional
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low-level contamination is on-going
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Sometimes these supply chains fall
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Clearly, the food system is globall
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Figure 13. 2010 Cocoa and cocoa-pre
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damage on those who profit from the
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target population. In their lives,
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it before it reaches the consumer.
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Shaun Kennedy is director of the Na
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ing replacements for cream, for exa
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safety system in reality by guarant
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Figure 2 shows the types of identif
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on better standards for Chinese sta
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Figure 6. Skim-milk-powder project:
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Jeffrey C. Moore is a scientific li
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John Besser: I was a little mystifi
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forensic purposes, as used with OJ
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my farmer friends thought I was cra
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Minnesota’s HeritageAs to why som
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in reality, legislation alone won
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The other aspect of this challenge
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private industry, enhancing the pro
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But it does seem that the United St
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Cathie Woteki is under secretary fo
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We offer the following comments and
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Ehlke, NancyUniversity of Minnesota
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Lumor, StephenUniversity of Minneso
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