Food Security - National Agricultural Biotechnology Council ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

don’t have tenure yet, so that’s not even totally secure—but they are good so they will getit. There is definitely interest on the part of various agencies in what we are doing, butthey have not offered avenues for a permanent situation.Shelton: What about the private sector—food companies, Grocery ManufacturersAssociation—have you approached them for funding?Fletcher: No. Maybe we should. I have been trying to get high visibility at a number ofdifferent types of venues speaking at various programs, moving into new areas. I’d love totalk to you about how one might go about that because we have to be creative. Some ofour initial sources of funding, as I pointed out, have fallen by the wayside because of theeconomy. I’ve seen institutes at universities come and go. There are surges of needs, andto keep NIMMFAB operational and make it viable for the long term, we must be flexible.Each of the scientists in my group at NIMMFAB has a home department and several ofthem are in my department, Entomology and Plant Pathology. Each has a scientific areathat should survive on its own if NIMMFAB should cease to exist. I am hopeful thatNIMMFAB’s contributions will continue to be important and needed.Carol Ishimaru (University of Minnesota): Thinking about sustainability and food security,one of the things that comes to mind for me is the vast quantity of food that is importedevery day through our ports and the relatively miniscule amount of food that is inspected.How can we improve our ability to detect pests and pathogens? Are there technologiesor regulations that could be used to decrease risk?Fletcher: Those containers are the size of large trucks and they just open the doors andlook in. Do they see insects crawling around? New methods of sampling the interiorsare being developed—assaying for volatiles, for example—and basic research along thoselines is necessary. We simply can’t afford to hire the number of people required for fullinspection without delaying the transit of fresh produce.Kennedy: At road ports of entry, from Mexico for example, if they identify a truck forinspection, they have between five and ten minutes to conduct that inspection before theyhave to release the truck. We don’t have the technology to effectively sample a truck fullof watermelons in five or ten minutes and find out if anything has been sprayed on them.However, there are some basic technologies. You can look at what is being done to detectbombs and nuclear weapons at ports of entry to see what is needed. Every container thatcomes into a US seaport now goes through a specialized radiation detector. It’s just runthrough so it doesn’t interrupt commerce. I don’t know how we would get to the pointwhere we could do that for biological materials and chemical contaminants, but that’show we may end up, not interrupting trade.Bender: One important aspect is working with exporting countries and actually engagingproducers to understand risks. Another thing is risk assessment of particular pathogens ofIsaacson167
concern, particular products of concern, particular countries of concern and characterizingthem and picking out which parts you want to look at. These are all things that are actuallyincluded in the Food Modernization Safety Act. Also important is the issue of “shopping”:if I am rejected at one port can I gain entry at another? We need the infrastructure to beable to say, “You were rejected at Port A, therefore we are not going to let you enter PortB.” We need to support the Food Modernization Act because that will actually help dothat. Credit is due the Department of Homeland Security for identifying the products ofconcern, the countries of concern, and the pathogens of concern and prioritizing themin terms of risk assessment.Liangliang Gao (University of Minnesota): What can be done to encourage funding fromthe private sector? And what will be the job prospects over the next five to ten years infood security and public health?Fletcher: I talked about education and training and the fact that our graduate studentswho had interned at the FBI both ended up going to the FBI or to the defense communityin some aspect. There definitely are these types of jobs, but the challenge is that studentshave to work at finding them. That’s one of the goals of my program. For example, theARS lab at Fort Detrick is looking to hire people from our program because it’s unusualto have the combination that we offer. It’s knowing where things are needed and thenpreparing students to move into those areas.Kennedy: To your first question, it’s important for us to look for a diversified portfolioof funding support. The private sector is an important part of that, which is actuallysomething we are doing because we can’t count on a single source for steady funding,such as the government. Regarding where the jobs are, one of my friends calls the FoodSafety Modernization Act, the “Food System Employment Act,” because a number ofinspectors and third-party auditors will be required for full implementation. In yearone, an additional 4,000 FDA food inspectors will be needed. So, if you are in food thatmight be a place to look.Bender: I liked Dr. Fletcher’s slide showing the cross-training at the FBI. I wouldn’t havethought that plant pathology would be of interest to the FBI, but that’s a phenomenalnetworking and cross-training opportunity and it’s the kind of thinking you need as agraduate student. You never know where you will end up and I encourage you to thinkalong those lines.Stephen McCurry (Grains for Health Foundation): A follow-up comment to Shaun’s responseto the question about food supply versus food safety. I don’t dispute your answerat all that wealthier countries are more concerned about safety. However if, say, Chinawere to request repayment of the money lent to the United States in bushels of wheatrather than in dollars, that might suddenly get our attention.168 Food Security: The Intersection of Sustainability, Safety and Defense
Page 2:
2011National Agricultural Biotechno
Page 5 and 6:
NABC Report 23Food Security: The In
Page 7 and 8:
AcknowledgmentsNABC’s twenty-thir
Page 9 and 10:
Participants in the Student Voice a
Page 11 and 12:
123 Preparing for Emerging and Unkn
Page 13 and 14:
Food Security: The Intersection of
Page 15 and 16:
These interconnected threads demand
Page 17 and 18:
In the developed world, it will req
Page 19 and 20:
On the other hand, his definition o
Page 21 and 22:
Plenary Session 4. Emerging Biotech
Page 23 and 24:
12 Food Security: The Intersection
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
The participants’ responses did n
Page 29 and 30:
they are safe. Cultural barriers ca
Page 31 and 32:
• Hydrological mapping, as in Min
Page 33 and 34:
• Food security is a multidiscipl
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
awareness beyond anything that advo
Page 41 and 42:
• Some research results indicate
Page 43 and 44:
change, reduce or remove GHG emissi
Page 45 and 46:
perspectives and priorities differ
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Water• Withdrawals from the Color
Page 51 and 52:
Efficient Use of Resources• We ne
Page 53 and 54:
• Foley is working with Google to
Page 55 and 56:
drinking water, stormwater, agricul
Page 57 and 58:
Table 1A. Issues, strategies and de
Page 59 and 60:
The Framework in Summary—A Ten- a
Page 61 and 62:
If funded, Research Implementation
Page 63 and 64:
If funded, Research Implementation
Page 65 and 66:
to be initiated in the first five y
Page 67 and 68:
Deborah Swackhamer is professor and
Page 69 and 70:
These under-nutrition woes are not
Page 71 and 72:
gies. Agricultural sustainability r
Page 73 and 74:
Investment in TechnologyImproved pe
Page 75 and 76:
Last November, the Forum announced
Page 77 and 78:
Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable
Page 79 and 80:
Food and Agriculture Organization (
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Richard Isaacson (University of Min
Page 85 and 86:
possibility of cross-pollination th
Page 87 and 88:
in part to companies like Cargill w
Page 89 and 90:
Ralph Hardy (National Agricultural
Page 91 and 92:
and the impacts those things have o
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Analyses of multiple de-greening ci
Page 97 and 98:
June Medford, a professor of biolog
Page 99 and 100:
Genetically Modified CropsIt is cle
Page 101 and 102:
the toxin levels are higher than wo
Page 103 and 104:
• Separate common species• Sepa
Page 105 and 106:
We have a similar situation in the
Page 107 and 108:
ReferencesLövei GL et al. (2009) T
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 1. Canada’s food-safety sy
Page 111 and 112:
However, significant challenges rem
Page 113 and 114:
confirmed cases in seven provinces,
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
and from the IIASA Strategic Plan 2
Page 119 and 120:
provided software support. We also
Page 121 and 122:
Figure 4. Biological agents (classi
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Detlof von Winterfeldt is the direc
Page 127 and 128: Medford: For things like explosives
Page 129 and 130: Robert Buchanan (University of Mary
Page 131 and 132: Ishimaru: In particular with wheat,
Page 133 and 134: Duplessis: In terms of microfluidic
Page 135 and 136: 124 Food Security: The Intersection
Page 137 and 138: Emergence/Re-EmergenceRegarding eme
Page 139 and 140: • Anticipate and prevent the emer
Page 141 and 142: AcuteWith a new emergence, the need
Page 143 and 144: Assessing Immune StatusDuring an ou
Page 145 and 146: Table 1. Recent zoonotic agents ide
Page 147 and 148: Figure 2. The impact of culling she
Page 149 and 150: ecognized as a new disease among ca
Page 151 and 152: The West Nile virus is another dram
Page 153 and 154: deer in an attempt to limit the tra
Page 155 and 156: disease centers for training, resea
Page 157 and 158: Lanciotti RS et al. (1999) Origin o
Page 161 and 162: Plant diseases still affect human h
Page 163 and 164: Climate ChangeThe predicted transit
Page 165 and 166: In addition to the NPDRS and the NP
Page 167 and 168: arely have a realistic understandin
Page 169 and 170: National Research Council (NRC) (20
Page 173 and 174: our universities we can increase aw
Page 175 and 176: evidence and no microbiologic evide
Page 177: food-preservation technologies and
Page 185 and 186: PreventionMuch can and should be do
Page 187 and 188: Figure 3. Selected recent multi-sta
Page 189 and 190: Figure 6. PulseNet electronic commu
Page 191 and 192: Figure 10. All Salmonella Typhimuri
Page 193 and 194: Figure 13. Listeriosis in the Unite
Page 195 and 196: Figure 15. Case definitions for clu
Page 197 and 198: Figure 18. The surveillance process
Page 199 and 200: Figure 20. Etiology of acute gastro
Page 203 and 204: I will discuss emerging intentional
Page 205 and 206: low-level contamination is on-going
Page 207 and 208: Sometimes these supply chains fall
Page 209 and 210: Clearly, the food system is globall
Page 211 and 212: Figure 13. 2010 Cocoa and cocoa-pre
Page 213 and 214: damage on those who profit from the
Page 215 and 216: target population. In their lives,
Page 217 and 218: it before it reaches the consumer.
Page 219 and 220: Shaun Kennedy is director of the Na
Page 221 and 222: ing replacements for cream, for exa
Page 223 and 224: safety system in reality by guarant
Page 225 and 226: Figure 2 shows the types of identif
Page 227 and 228: on better standards for Chinese sta
Page 229 and 230:
Figure 6. Skim-milk-powder project:
Page 231 and 232:
Jeffrey C. Moore is a scientific li
Page 233 and 234:
John Besser: I was a little mystifi
Page 235 and 236:
forensic purposes, as used with OJ
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
my farmer friends thought I was cra
Page 241 and 242:
Minnesota’s HeritageAs to why som
Page 243 and 244:
in reality, legislation alone won
Page 245 and 246:
The other aspect of this challenge
Page 247 and 248:
private industry, enhancing the pro
Page 249 and 250:
But it does seem that the United St
Page 251 and 252:
Cathie Woteki is under secretary fo
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
We offer the following comments and
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Ehlke, NancyUniversity of Minnesota
Page 263 and 264:
Lumor, StephenUniversity of Minneso
Page 265:
National Agricultural Biotechnology
show all

Food Security - National Agricultural Biotechnology Council ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?