WHO InternatIOnal Standard termInOlOgIeS On tradItIOnal medIcIne

80Diagnostics - InspectionCode Term Chinese Definition/Description2.0.12correlation of all fourexaminations四 診 合 參comprehensive consideration of the data obtainedfrom the four examinations (inspection, listeningand smelling, inquiry, and palpation) for making thediagnosis2.0.13pattern identification/syndromedifferentiation辨 證the process of overall analysis of clinical data todetermine the location, cause and nature of apatient’s disease and achieving a diagnosis of apattern/syndrome, also called pattern differentiation2.0.14 four examinations 四 診2.0.15 eight principles 八 綱a collective term for inspection, listening and smelling,inquiry, and palpationguiding principles of pattern identification/syndromedifferentiation, that is, yin and yang, exterior andinterior, cold and heat, deficiency and excess2.1.0 Inspection 望 診2.1.1 inspection 望 診one of the four diagnostic examinations, includingobserving the patient’s mental state, facial expression,complexion, physical condition, condition of thetongue, secretions and the distribution of superficialvenules of the infant’s fingers2.1.2inspection of thevitality望 神inspection of the state and vitality, especially mentaland physical activities such as consciousness, thinking,facial expression, speech, and response to externalstimuli2.1.3 presence of vitality 得 神2.1.4 loss of vitality 失 神2.1.5 lack of vitality 少 神2.1.6 false vitality 假 神the general state marked by high spirit and mentaland physical exuberance with prompt and appropriateresponses, indicating that the healthy qi is not damagedand improvement from a pathological condition canbe expectedthe general state marked by indifference, low spiritand impaired mental and physical functions withsluggish and inappropriate responses, indicating theexistence of a serious pathological conditionthe general state marked by indifference, listlessnessand low spirittransient improvement in spirit in a critical case, oftenindicating approaching death