Fish Hatchery Management - fisheries & aquaculture

More documents

Recommendations

Info

BROODSTOCK, SPAWNING, AND EGG HANDLINGI{J5the best of the methods evaluated. The displacement method takes twicethe time required by either of the other methods. The weight method isrecommended when large lots of eggs must be enumerated, while the displacementmethod is more desirable with small lots of eggs.Another method of egg inventory, which differs from other volumetricmethods basically in egg measuring technique, sometimes is used by fishculturists. Eggs are measured in a container, such as a cup or strainer filledto the top, and an equal number of containerfuls of eggs are put in eachegg incubator tray or jar. Sample counting consists of counting all the eggsheld in one measuring container. To get accurate egg inventories, the samemeasuring unit must be used for the sample counts as for measuring theeggs into the incubator. Measurement by filling the container to the topeliminates errors in judgment. This method gives a good estimate of the:"",:1":"-O"rof eggs, but does not estimate the number of eggs per fluidSeveral methods have been used for the estimating number of stripedbass eggs. Estimates can be made by weighing the eggs from each femaleand calculating the number of eggs on the basis of 25,000 per ounce. Theeggs can also be estimated volumetrically on the basis of Von Bayer's table.Largemouth bass and catfish eggs are measured by weight or volumetricdisplacement.Various mechanical egg counting devices have been developed that usephotoelectric counters (Figure 63). The eggs are counted as they pass alight source. Velocities producing count rates of up to 1,400 eggs perminute have proven to be accurate. Air bubbles, dirt, and other matter willinterfere with accurate counting and must be avoided.Salmonid eggs should be physically shocked before egg picking (removalof dead eggs) commences, after the eggs have developed to the eyed stage.Undeveloped or infertile eggs remain tender and they will rupture whenshocked. Water enters the egg and coagulates the yolk, turning the eggwhite; these eggs then are readily picked out. Shocking may be done bystriking the trays sharply, siphoning the eggs from one container toanother, or by pouring the eggs from the incubator trays into a tub ofwater from a height of 2 or 3 feet. Care should be taken to make sure thatthe eggs are not shocked too severely or normally developing eggs also maybe damaged. (Figure 6+).Numerous methods for removing dead eggs have been in use in fish culturefor many years. Before the introduction of satisfactory chemical fungicides,it was necessary to frequently remove (pick) att dead eggs to avoidthe spread of fungus. In some instances where exposure to chemical treatmentsis undesirable, it still is necessary to pick the dead eggs.One of the earliest and most common methods of egg picking was with alarge pair of tweezers made either of metal or wood. If only small numbersof eggs are picked, forceps or tweezers work very well. Another device in
186 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFrcunr 63.photo.)A mechanical egg counter used with salmon"ggs.(FWSFIGURE 64.Salmon eggs being shocked. (FWS photo.)
Page 2 and 3:
FishHatcheryManagement
Page 4 and 5:
FishHatcheryManagementRobert G. Pip
Page 6 and 7:
ContentsPreface xaAbbreviations Use
Page 8 and 9:
CONTENTSViiBluegill 76Channel Catfi
Page 10 and 11:
coNTEN't SlxMontana Hatching Box |
Page 12 and 13:
CONI'ENI'SElimination of Fish 284Pr
Page 14:
CONTL,NTSXIIIAppendix B: Ammonia Io
Page 17 and 18:
FISH HA,I.CH ER.I' MANAL; EM FNTThe
Page 20 and 21:
Abbreviations Usedin the TextBHA bu
Page 22 and 23:
Common and ScientificNames of Fishe
Page 24:
FishHatch"ryManagement
Page 27 and 28:
FISH HA'fCHERY MANAGE,MENTare geare
Page 29 and 30:
FISH HAfCHERYMANAGEMENTdecreases-th
Page 31 and 32:
t,.ISH HA'I'CI{ERY M ANAGL,M DN-I'0
Page 33 and 34:
IOFISII HAI.CHERY MANAGEMENl.resist
Page 35 and 36:
12 r'rsH HAICHERY MANAGEMENTalone (
Page 37 and 38:
l4FISH HA'lcHERY MANACEMENI'TABLT.
Page 39 and 40:
l6FTSH HATCnltRy NIANAcENlltNtWater
Page 41 and 42:
l8 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIGURE 6
Page 43 and 44:
20 FISH IJAl'CIIERY MANAGIJM I]NI'F
Page 45 and 46:
,2,2FISHIIAI.CIIERYMANAC;EMEN'l(whi
Page 47 and 48:
FISH HATCHL,RY MANAGEMEN'IWASTE SLU
Page 49 and 50:
I ISH HA'ICHIR}'N'lANAC;L,M NNTlies
Page 51 and 52:
FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGEMEN'I'R FORAT
Page 53 and 54:
30 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIGURE 1
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
lJ.1IIISII IIA'I'CI I I]R\' NIANAOF
Page 59 and 60:
3bIISH HA'TCHF],RY MANAG!]MEi\'ITAB
Page 61 and 62:
3llFlsH llA r( Ht.R\ MANAULMLN ITAB
Page 63 and 64:
40 FISHHAIcHIIRYNtANAcL,.N{Er\-Ttem
Page 65 and 66:
42 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFTGURE 1
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
FISH HATCHERYMANAGEMENTlllr,la::i;
Page 71 and 72:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTDRAIN PIPES
Page 73 and 74:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'IPEN REARIN
Page 75 and 76:
52 FrsH HATcIIERy MANAcEMENT'Tast.e
Page 77 and 78:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTeSLt 7. Ty
Page 79 and 80:
56 FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGEMENTBovn,
Page 81 and 82:
58 FIsH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTand Rox.
Page 83 and 84:
2Hatch"ryOperationsProduction Metho
Page 85 and 86:
62 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTdaily, w
Page 87 and 88:
64 FISH HA.I.CHERY MANAGEMENToxygen
Page 89 and 90:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTIaf,Loa ozl
Page 91 and 92:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTadding fish
Page 93 and 94:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTtemperature
Page 95 and 96:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENT3.53.0>- 2.
Page 97 and 98:
74 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE IO
Page 99 and 100:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'Timproved e
Page 101 and 102:
78 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTculture
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
FISH HAI'CHEI{Y MANAGEMENl'several
Page 109 and 110:
86 FISH HATCHERY MANAGDMENTFIGURE 3
Page 111 and 112:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFtcuRE 35.
Page 113 and 114:
FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGEMENTponds' es
Page 115 and 116:
92 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFrcunn 3
Page 117 and 118:
94 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFERTILIZ
Page 119 and 120:
FISH HA'f CHLI{Y MANAGL,MEN'Iand wa
Page 121 and 122:
I ISH HA'I'CHLRY NTANAGEME,NTINORGA
Page 123 and 124:
100 FISH HATcHERY MANAcIEMEN fA num
Page 125 and 126:
IO2FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTexperien
Page 127 and 128:
IO4FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTthat the
Page 129 and 130:
106 FrsH HAT CHF,Ry NIA\AcE1\'rE\'l
Page 131 and 132:
108 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMDNTFIGURE
Page 133 and 134:
ll0FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENT(3) If t
Page 135 and 136:
112 FISH HATCHERY MANAGIJMEN'frecom
Page 137 and 138:
t4 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTfish. Mo
Page 139 and 140:
1 16 FrsH HA t cHERy MANAGL,MENTPro
Page 141 and 142:
ll8FISH HA'TCHERY MANAGEMENTand fee
Page 143 and 144:
120 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE I
Page 145 and 146:
22FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTColumn 27
Page 147 and 148:
124 FISH HAlcHERy MANAGEMENTColumn
Page 149 and 150:
126 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTColumn
Page 151 and 152:
128 FISH HA.l.cHERy MANAGEMENTIssr.
Page 153 and 154:
I30FISH HATcHERY MANAGEMENTTRL Ssll
Page 155 and 156:
t32FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTA cq uis
Page 157 and 158: 13.1 FISH HA'fC]HLRY NIANAGEMENl.TA
Page 159 and 160: I36FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN.ITeBr-n
Page 161 and 162: 138 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTChannel
Page 163 and 164: 140 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTForage
Page 165 and 166: 142 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTfeet ou
Page 167 and 168: 44FISH HAI'CHERY MANAGEMENl'When go
Page 169 and 170: 146 FISH HAI'CHERY MANAGEMENTLIN EB
Page 171 and 172: 148 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'I(1) Av
Page 173 and 174: I rl0 I:lSH llA lCHl.lRY NIANi\(;U\
Page 175 and 176: 52F'ISH HATCHERY MANAGF:,MENTpond.
Page 177 and 178: t54 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIGURE
Page 179 and 180: 156 FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGEMENlThe p
Page 181 and 182: I58 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIcunn
Page 183 and 184: 160 I'ISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENIThe eg
Page 185 and 186: t62 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTl0 hrs.
Page 187 and 188: 164 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTOvenipe
Page 189 and 190: t66 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTsystems
Page 191 and 192: 168 FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGEMENTThe a
Page 193 and 194: t70FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTequilibr
Page 195 and 196: 172 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTripens
Page 197 and 198: 174 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTthe fis
Page 199 and 200: 176 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTERMINAL
Page 201 and 202: 178 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTSO M IT
Page 203 and 204: 180 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTHI RD V
Page 205 and 206: I82FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTA sample
Page 207: 184 FISH HAI'CHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE
Page 211 and 212: 188 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTl/4" co
Page 213 and 214: 190 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTAtsLE
Page 215 and 216: t92FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGEMENTTeslr
Page 217 and 218: t94 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMDNTillFIGU
Page 219 and 220: 196 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFtcunn
Page 221 and 222: 198 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIGURE
Page 223 and 224: 200 F'rsH HA'rcHERy MANAcEMENTsimil
Page 225 and 226: 202 FrsH HAlcHERy MANAGEMENTCl,lnx,
Page 227 and 228: 204 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENT-. 1977
Page 229 and 230: 206 FISH HATCHERy MANAGEMENT'SAI-tL
Page 231 and 232: Nutrition and FeedingNutritionNutri
Page 233 and 234: 2t0FISH HA'I'CIIERY MANAGEME,NTpell
Page 235 and 236: IISH }IA]'CHERY MANA(;EMEN'TAt this
Page 237 and 238: 214 FISH HATCHERY MANAGT]MENTof pro
Page 239 and 240: 2t6FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTfeed tha
Page 241 and 242: 2lu! ISH HAl CHERY MANA(IEMliN lthe
Page 243 and 244: FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGE,MENTNo carbo
Page 245 and 246: FISH HATCHf,RY MANAGEMEN']Body fat
Page 247 and 248: 224 FISH HA t CHITRY MANAGEMIlNTLIP
Page 249 and 250: FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTNutrientGro
Page 251 and 252: 228 F'ISH HATCHERY MANAGL,MEN'Ivita
Page 253 and 254: F'ISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'fr,. r; "'
Page 255 and 256: 232 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'Ibreakd
Page 257 and 258: 234 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMFNTFORMULA
Page 259 and 260:
236 FISH HAI'CHERY MANAGEMENT(2) Be
Page 261 and 262:
238 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTphysica
Page 263 and 264:
240 FlsH HAT('HFRY MANAGLMI.N ITesl
Page 265 and 266:
242 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTenr-E
Page 267 and 268:
244 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTest E
Page 269 and 270:
246 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTA simpl
Page 271 and 272:
248 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTThe amo
Page 273 and 274:
250 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIcunt
Page 275 and 276:
252 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTasI-E 2
Page 277 and 278:
254 FtsH HAtcHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE 3
Page 279 and 280:
256 FISH HATcHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE 3
Page 281 and 282:
258 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'I'TABLE
Page 283 and 284:
260 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTBibliog
Page 285 and 286:
262 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTnology
Page 287 and 288:
264 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTa diagn
Page 289 and 290:
266 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'I'ABFtc
Page 291 and 292:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENT.fABLEIHI]I
Page 293 and 294:
270 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTin the
Page 295 and 296:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTpossible ad
Page 297 and 298:
274 FISH HATcHERY MANAGEMENTGeneral
Page 299 and 300:
276 FISH HATCHERY MANAGE,MENltoxici
Page 301 and 302:
278 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTRecomme
Page 303 and 304:
280 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTIf it i
Page 305 and 306:
282 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTexterna
Page 307 and 308:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'fF aci lity
Page 309 and 310:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENlcleanliness
Page 311 and 312:
FISH HA'I'CHERY MANAGEMEN'IImmunila
Page 313 and 314:
290 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTherds o
Page 315 and 316:
FISH HAI'CHERY MANAGEMENTdiseases.
Page 317 and 318:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTDiseases of
Page 319 and 320:
296 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTpetechi
Page 321 and 322:
298 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTCHANNEL
Page 323 and 324:
FISH HATCHERYMANAGEMENTFtcunn 79. L
Page 325 and 326:
FISH HATCHERY MANAC;EMEN'I'COI,UMNA
Page 327 and 328:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTthe pectora
Page 329 and 330:
306 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTreservo
Page 331 and 332:
FISH HATCHERYMANAGEMENTFIcunn 81. E
Page 333 and 334:
310 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFtcunn
Page 335 and 336:
31,2 F'ISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'IKIDN
Page 337 and 338:
314 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'TFungus
Page 339 and 340:
316 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFrcuRr
Page 341 and 342:
318 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIGURE
Page 343 and 344:
320 FISH HATCHERY MANAGDMENTFIGURE
Page 345 and 346:
322 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIcunn
Page 347 and 348:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN IFtcunE 95.
Page 349 and 350:
FISH HA'TCHERY MANAGEMENTFIGURE 97.
Page 351 and 352:
328 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIcune
Page 353 and 354:
330 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTand l6
Page 355 and 356:
332 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFrcuRE
Page 357 and 358:
334 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTARGULUS
Page 359 and 360:
336 FtsH HAiCHERY MANACEMEN]DIAGNOS
Page 361 and 362:
338 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTI 2. B(
Page 363 and 364:
lJ40}ISH HA'I CHERY MANAGENlI]N]23.
Page 365 and 366:
342 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEM EN.Tshoul
Page 367 and 368:
344 FISH HATCHL,RY MANAGEMENTFDL-46
Page 369 and 370:
346 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTHterlrw
Page 371 and 372:
Transportation of LiveFishesOne ext
Page 373 and 374:
350 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTrucks
Page 375 and 376:
352 FISH HATCHERY NlANAC; EMEN.'f(1
Page 377 and 378:
FISH HATCHERYMANAGEMENTFIcunn 110.
Page 379 and 380:
356 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTempera
Page 381 and 382:
358 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTdistres
Page 383 and 384:
360 FISH HA'TCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE
Page 385 and 386:
362 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTCHANNEL
Page 387 and 388:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTASLE ,13.
Page 389 and 390:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMEN'fTeslr 44.
Page 391 and 392:
368 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTBibliog
Page 393 and 394:
370 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTLEI'IRI
Page 396 and 397:
Appendices
Page 398 and 399:
376 FtsH HATcHF,Ry N,rANAcFtMriNTTa
Page 400 and 401:
AppendixAmmonia IonizationTABLE B I
Page 402 and 403:
380 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTanlr B
Page 404 and 405:
382 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTenln B
Page 406 and 407:
Appendi* DUse of Weirs to MeasureFl
Page 408 and 409:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLED_I.RE
Page 410 and 411:
388 r'lsH HA'rcHERy MANAGEMENTTasLn
Page 412 and 413:
trAppendix fNutritional Diseases an
Page 414 and 415:
392 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE F
Page 416 and 417:
394 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE F
Page 418 and 419:
396 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTT,\sLr:
Page 420 and 421:
398 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTeslr F
Page 422 and 423:
400 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTasLE F
Page 424 and 425:
402 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTCalcula
Page 426 and 427:
404 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTFIGURE
Page 428 and 429:
TAppendix ILength-Weight TablesGuid
Page 430 and 431:
408 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENl'Tasr-E
Page 432 and 433:
410 FISH HATCHERY MANACEMENTTABLE I
Page 434 and 435:
412 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTaglr I
Page 436 and 437:
4t4FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTenlr, I
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
424 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTenle I
Page 448 and 449:
426 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTesLB I
Page 450 and 451:
428 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTanr,B
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
432 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTanlr I
Page 456 and 457:
434 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTesr.E
Page 458 and 459:
436 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTesr-E
Page 460 and 461:
438 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTllg f
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
442FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLEI-5
Page 466 and 467:
444 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTasle I
Page 468 and 469:
446 FISH HATCHLRY MANAGEMENTTABLE I
Page 470 and 471:
448 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTenr,E
Page 472 and 473:
450 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTaer-E
Page 474 and 475:
452 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTeu-E I
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTT,qarn I-7.
Page 480 and 481:
458 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTasr,E
Page 482 and 483:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENl'Tasln I-7.
Page 484 and 485:
FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTABLE I-8.c
Page 486 and 487:
464 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTnnu, I
Page 488 and 489:
466 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTTest,n
Page 491 and 492:
GlossaryAbdomenBelly; the ventral s
Page 493 and 494:
GLOSSARY47IAmmonium The ionized for
Page 495 and 496:
GLOSSARY 473BacteriocidalBacteriost
Page 497 and 498:
GLOSSARY 47 5CarnivorousCarrierthe
Page 499 and 500:
GLOSSARY 477Control (Experimental)
Page 501 and 502:
GLOSSARY 479EctodermThe outer layer
Page 503 and 504:
GLOSSARY48IFixativeA chemical agent
Page 505 and 506:
GLOSSARY 483Gill RotGillsSea Branch
Page 507 and 508:
G I,OSSARY4Tt5IHNImmuneImmunitystat
Page 509 and 510:
GLOSSARY 487Length May refer to the
Page 511 and 512:
GLOSSARY 489Mucking (Egg) The addit
Page 513 and 514:
GLOSSARY 489Mucking (Egg) The addit
Page 515 and 516:
492 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTPerivit
Page 517 and 518:
494 trsH HATcHERY MANAGEMENTRandom
Page 519 and 520:
496 FISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENTSerumTh
Page 521 and 522:
498 FISH HAI'CHERY MANAGEMENTSulfom
Page 523 and 524:
500 r'tsH HA'rcIIIrRy N,TANACEMEN r
Page 526 and 527:
IndexThe Table of Contents for this
Page 528 and 529:
I N I)F,X 505Bluegill \continued)sp
Page 530 and 531:
Crayfish, problem in ponds 114Densi
Page 532 and 533:
INDEX 509Flow Index 67-71Forage fis
Page 534 and 535:
INDEX5I IPike, northernbroodstock a
Page 536 and 537:
INDEX513Salmon, chum (saa a/so Salm
Page 538 and 539:
'lrout (continued)diseases: bacteri
Page 540 and 541:
Walleye \continued)nutrition: disea
show all

Fish Hatchery Management - fisheries & aquaculture

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?