Fish Hatchery Management - fisheries & aquaculture

GLOSSARY47IAmmonium The ionized form of ammonia, NHa+.Anabolism Constructive metabolic processes in living organisms: tissuebuilding and growth.Anadromous Fish Fish that leave the sea and migrate up freshwaterrivers to spawn.AnaerobicAnalAnal FinReferring to a process or organism not requiring oxygen.Pertaining to the anus or vent.The fin on the ventral median line behind the anus.Anal Papilla A protuberance in front of the genital pore and behindthe vent in certain groups of fishes.Anchor Ice Ice that forms from the bottom up in moving water.Anemia A condition characterized by a deficiency of hemoglobin,packed cell volume, or erythrocytes. The more important anemias infish are (l) normocytic anemia caused by acute hemorrhaging, bacterialand viral infection, or metabolic disease; (2) microcytic anemiadue to chronic hemorrhaging, iron deficiency, or deficiency of certainhematopoietic factors; (3) macrocytic anemia resulting from anincrease in hematopoietic activity in the spleen and kidney.AnestheticsChemicals used to relax fish and facilitate the handling andspawning of fish. Commonly used agents include tricane methane sulfonate(MS-222), benzocain, quinaldine, and carbon dioxide.Annulus A yearly mark formed on fish scales when rapid growthresumes after a period (usually in winter) of slow or no growth.Anoxia Reduction of oxygen in the body to levels that can result in tissuedamage.Anterior In front of: toward the head end.Anthelmintic An agent that destroys or expels worm parasites.Antibiotic A chemical produced by living organisms, usually molds orbacteria, capable of inhibiting other organisms.Antibody A specific protein produced by an organism in response to aforeign chemical (antigen) with which it reacts.AntigenA large protein or complex sugar that stimulates the formationof an antibody. Generally, pathogens produce antigens and the hostprotects itself by producing antibodies.Antimicrobial Chemical thatinhibits microorganisms.AntioxidantA substance that chemically protects other compoundsagainst oxidation; for example, vitamin E prevents oxidation and rancidityof fats.Antiseptic A compound that kills or inhibits microorganisms, especiallythose infecting living tissues.AntivitaminAnusSubstance chemically similar to a vitamin that can replacethe vitamin or an essential compound, but cannot perform its role.AquacultureArteryThe external posterior opening of the alimentary tracti the vent.Culture or husbandry of aquatic organisms.A blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.