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clxxvi Steve Thomas, “Can nuclear power plants be built in Britain without public subsidies and guarantees?”, op. cit., p. 14. clxxvii M. V. Ramana, “Nuclear Power: Economic, Safety, Health, and Environmental Issues of Near-Term Technologies ”, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2009; see also: Stephen Thomas, et al., “The Economics of Nuclear Power”, 2007, Greenpeace, http://www.greenpeace.org, p. 19. clxxviii “The New Economics of Nuclear Power”, Report of the World Nuclear Association, London, p. 7, http://www.world-nuclear.org/reference/pdf/economics.pdf clxxix Adapted from Table on Pg. 8 of the Report of the World Nuclear Association, “The New Economics of Nuclear Power”, ibid. clxxx Stephen Thomas, et al., “The Economics of Nuclear Power”, op. cit., p. 3. clxxxi Stephen Thomas has called it a Generation III design, while Mycle Schneider has called it a Generation III+ design. See: Stephen Thomas, et al., “The Economics of Nuclear Power”, ibid., p. 19; and Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 42-43. clxxxii Stephen Thomas, et al., “The Economics of Nuclear Power”, ibid., pp. 20-21. clxxxiii Andrew Simms, et. al., “Mirage and Oasis: Energy Choices in an Age of Global Warming”, June 29, 2005, http://www.neweconomics.org clxxxiv Cited in: John Murawski, “Putting a Price on Nuclear Power”, The News & Observer, Raleigh, N.C., Feb 21, 2006, http://www.redorbit.com/news/science clxxxv “The Economic Future of Nuclear Power”, University of Chicago, August 2004, http://www.eusustel.be clxxxvi Trevor Findlay, “The Future of Nuclear Energy to 2030 and its Implications for Safety, Security and Nonproliferation”, The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, February 2010, http://www.cigionline.org clxxxvii The levelised cost is the sum of all the costs incurred during the lifetime of the project divided by the units of energy produced during the lifetime of the project, expressed as $/kwhr. Since most of the costs or expenses as well as the sales revenue occur in a future time, one has to take the Present Value of these cash flows in one's calculations. clxxxviii “Update of the MIT 2003 Future of Nuclear Power Study”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009, http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-update2009.pdf clxxxix An "overnight" cost approach is frequently used to compare prices across projects. It is the cost of a construction project if no interest was incurred during construction, as if the project was completed "overnight." cxc Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 49. cxci Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2007, Extended Summary”, Brussels, January 2008, Commissioned by the Greens-EFA Group in the European Parliament, p. 8, http://www.greensefa.eu cxcii Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2007, Extended Summary”, ibid. cxciii Cited in: Mycle Schneider et. al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 55. cxciv David Schlissel, et. al., “Nuclear Loan Guarantees: Another Taxpayer Bailout Ahead?”, Union of Concerned Scientists, March 2009, www.ucsusa.org cxcv Tyler Hamilton, “$26bn cost killed nuclear bid”, July 14, 2009, http://www.thestar.com cxcvi Anton Caputo, “Nuclear expansion could cost $18.2 billion”, Dec 23, 2009, http://www.mysanantonio.com; Richard W. Caperton, “Protecting Taxpayers from a Financial Meltdown”, March 8, 2010, http://www.americanprogress.org cxcvii “Experts: Three latest industry setbacks further dim nuclear 'renaissance', taxpayer-backed loan guarantees can’t fix fundamental problems with new reactors”, Dec 16, 2009, www.psr.org/nuclearbailout/nuclear4.pdf cxcviii “Olkiluoto provision could mean losses for Areva”, The Nuclear N-Former, June 24, 2010, http://www.nuclearcounterfeit.com ; same figure is cited in: “AREVA covers up extent of massive nuclear reactor cost overrun”, June 24, 2010, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news cxcix Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 45. cc James Kanter, “In Finland, Nuclear Renaissance Runs Into Trouble”, May 28, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com cci Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 45-46; Frank von Hippel, Editor, “The Uncertain Future of Nuclear Energy”, A research report of the International Panel on Fissile Materials, September 2010, http://www.fissilematerials.org, p. 41. ccii “AREVA covers up extent of massive nuclear reactor cost overrun”, June 24, 2010, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news cciii “AREVA covers up extent of massive nuclear reactor cost overrun”, ibid. 186
cciv Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 46. ccv Ibid., p. 47. ccvi “Nuclear lightning strikes twice, three times…”, July 6, 2010, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news ccvii Dan Yurman, “Areva under pressure”, July 31, 2010, http://theenergycollective.com ccviii For example, see the statement by French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner, cited in Mycle Schneider, “The reality of France's aggressive nuclear power push”, June 3, 2008, http://www.thebulletin.org ccix Mycle Schneider, “The reality of France's aggressive nuclear power push”, ibid. ccx Mark Cooper, “France's Nuclear "Miracle" is More Fantasy that Fact”, Sept 23, 2010, http://thehill.com; “France's Nuclear Failures - The great illusion of nuclear energy”, Greenpeace, Nov 30, 2008, http://www.greenpeace.org ccxi Mycle Schneider, “The reality of France's aggressive nuclear power push”, op. cit. ccxii “France's Nuclear Failures - The great illusion of nuclear energy”, Greenpeace, Nov 30, 2008, http://www.greenpeace.org ccxiii Helen Caldicott, Nuclear Power is not the answer to Global Warming or anything else, Melbourne University Press, 2006, p. 32; same figure cited by Steve Thomas, “Can nuclear power plants be built in Britain without public subsidies and guarantees?”, op. cit., p. 12. ccxiv David H. Martin, “Canadian Nuclear Subsidies: Fifty Years of Futile Funding”, Campaign for Nuclear Phaseout, Jan 2003, www.cnp.ca/resources/nuclear-subsidies-at-50.pdf ccxv Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 88. ccxvi Ibid., p. 44. ccxvii David Schlissel, Michael Mullett, and Robert Alvarez, “Nuclear Loan Guarantees: Another Taxpayer Bailout Ahead?”, Union of Concerned Scientists, March 2009, http://www.scribd.com, pp. 1, 11. ccxviii Ibid., pp. 1, 11. ccxix Ibid., p. 11. ccxx Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 77; David Schlissel, Michael Mullett, and Robert Alvarez, “Nuclear Loan Guarantees: Another Taxpayer Bailout Ahead?”, ibid., pp. 12-13. ccxxi Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, ibid., pp. 76-77. ccxxii The levelised cost is the sum of all the costs incurred during the lifetime of the project divided by the units of energy produced during the lifetime of the project, expressed as $/kwhr. Since most of the costs or expenses as well as the sales revenue occur in a future time, one has to take the Present Value of these cash flows in the calculations. ccxxiii Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 73. ccxxiv Steve Thomas, “Can nuclear power plants be built in Britain without public subsidies and guarantees?”, op. cit., p. 4. ccxxv David Schlissel, Michael Mullett, and Robert Alvarez, “Nuclear Loan Guarantees: Another Taxpayer Bailout Ahead?”, op. cit., p. 2. ccxxvi “Nuclear Pork – Enough is Enough”, May 9, 2008, http://climateprogress.org ccxxvii “President Barack Obama grants loan guarantee to build new nuclear reactors in Georgia”, Feb 16, 2010, http://www.oregonlive.com ccxxviii Cited in: Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 56. ccxxix “Senate Currently Proposing $40 Billion to More Than $140 Billion in Subsidies for Nuclear Industry, New Analysis Finds”, Union of Concerned Scientists, July 1, 2010, http://www.ucsusa.org ccxxx Estimate by Doug Koplow, an economist and founder of Earth Track, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which campaigns against environmentally harmful subsidies. Cited in: Diana S. Powers, “Nuclear Energy Loses Cost Advantage”, July 26, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com ccxxxi “Vogtle's new reactors to benefit not only from Georgia CWIP, but also from federal loan guarantee”, Jan 1, 2010, http://www.beyondnuclear.org; Frank von Hippel, Editor, “ The Uncertain Future of Nuclear Energy”, op. cit., p. 40. ccxxxii JJ Dooley, “U.S. Federal Investments in Energy R&D: 1961-2008”, Report prepared for US Department of Energy, Oct 2008, http://www.pnl.gov ccxxxiii Cindy Folkers, “Price-Anderson Act: Unnecessary & Irresponsible”, Oct 2001, http://www.nirs.org ccxxxiv “Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org ccxxxv “Price-Anderson Act: The Billion Dollar Bailout for Nuclear Power Mishaps,” Sept 2004, http://www.citizen.org ccxxxvi Gopal Krishna, “Nuclear Liability Bill needs scrutiny”, Feb 25, 2010, http://news.rediff.com ccxxxvii Cindy Folkers, “Price-Anderson Act: Unnecessary & Irresponsible”, op. cit. 187
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NUCLEAR ENERGY Technology From Hell
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Introduction Part I: Government Pla
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yet to find solution to the problem
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Mithivirdi: A powerful movement of
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eing proposed to be set up in the c
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nuclear power plant accident, in ou
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was subsequently endorsed by the he
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Atoms are so small that they can’
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called enriched uranium. [Note that
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of a nuclear power reactor. A typic
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Coolant: A liquid or gas circulatin
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Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor Hea
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Is Nuclear Energy Safe? Chapter 3 A
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iii. Gamma radiation: This is akin
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haematopoietic system). Radiation c
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Part III: Radiation Emission in Nuc
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The radioactivity from the tailing
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power plant contains an amount of l
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Tritium is a particularly scary mat
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Plutonium cxi Named after Pluto, th
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Firstly, reprocessing does not redu
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sports and fishing were also banned
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detail the impact of these 'once th
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We today know for a fact that the n
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Till 2005, there were at least 10,0
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The report mentions 16 “events”
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In an article published in The Nati
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Even asssuming that there will not
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fossil fuels. It has now come up wi
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Opinion of Credit Ratings Agencies
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it acknowledged that the expected c
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plant owners to use much more of th
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was the Vice-President of the USA):
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6. Blithely Ignoring Health Costs S
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Is Nuclear Power Green? Chapter 5 S
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Energy Balance attempts to make an
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nuclear energy as compared to elect
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Table 1: Estimates of Total and Nuc
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� At the end of 2009, there were
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Therefore, despite all the optimism
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1. Reviewing the Nuclear Renaissanc
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certification also runs out in 2012
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nuclear phase-out plans which are n
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lower house (Bundestag) to pass a b
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UK and French nuclear safety author
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The second and more important reaso
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eactor or two, but considering that
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Pre-Independence Period India’s N
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Secretary to the DAE. The 1958 Reso
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The reality has been quite differen
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Narora Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 4
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Background Part III: US-India Agree
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2. New Reactors Even before the Ind
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clearance, indicative of the fact t
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producing electricity from these re
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matters of negotiations”. cdxliii
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arm of Indian big industry, had ext
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India’s Nuclear Installations: Sa
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extremely sensitive material used i
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area due to uranium mining. cdlxxxi
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women complained of fatigue, weakne
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India: World’s most unsafe, most
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the AEC has not instituted an award
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The biggest deficiency in the Rajas
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The bed of the Thane creek, which i
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Fires have also occurred repeatedly
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workers are exposed to radiation, a
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