Nuclear Energy

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• Shutdowns of aged plants will lead to a decrease in the total number of reactors, and there will be a significant decline in installed capacity and electricity generation from nuclear power plants. • Compared to the reference level of March 2009, the number of nuclear power stations in operation worldwide is likely to decrease by 22% by the year 2020, and by about 29% by the year 2030. • Even by comparison to the forecast rapid growth in world-wide electricity consumption, nuclear energy will decline significantly in importance by the year 2030. The percentage of world-wide electricity generation accounted for by nuclear energy will decline from 14.8% in the year 2006 to an estimated 9.1% in the year 2020, and to 7.1% in the year 2030. ii) The CIGI Report ccclxxvii In February 2010, the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), an independent non-partisan think tank based in Canada and supported by the Government of Canada, released the main report of its Nuclear Energy Futures (NEF) project: The Future of Nuclear Energy to 2030 and Its Implications for Safety, Security and Nonproliferation. The report was the culmination of three-and-a-half years of research into the purported nuclear energy revival and its implications for global governance. The report concludes that there are significant barriers to the revival of nuclear energy in the near future, till at least 2030. The key barriers identified by are the same as those that we have discussed above: 2. Unfavourable economics compared to other sources of energy 3. Nuclear energy is too slow to address climate change and to compete with cheaper alternative means of tackling it 4. Demands for energy efficiency are leading to fundamental rethinking of how electricity is generated and distributed 5. The nuclear waste issue remains unresolved with no country currently implementing a sustainable solution 6. Growing fears about safety, security and nuclear weapons remain in the public consciousness 7. Developing countries face additional constraints, including inadequate infrastructure, poor governance, deficient regulatory systems and finance. 94
Pre-Independence Period India’s Nuclear Energy Program Part I: History Chapter 7 Much before Independence, during the period 1930-48, a series of outstanding Indian scientists, most notably Drs. C Raman, J.C. Bose and Meghnad Saha, had done great pioneering research work in the field of fundamental physics, including nuclear physics, in various Indian universities. Prof. S.N. Bose had already established his claims to the Bose-Einstein statistics, and the father of nuclear sciences Einstein had read and translated Bose's papers on nuclear fundamental researches. C. V. Raman had won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in 1930, and in 1934, was appointed the director of the newly established Indian Institute of Sciences in Bangalore. By the mid-1930s, Professor Meghnad Saha had already published his research papers on Nuclear Physics. In 1941, he introduced a special paper in Nuclear Physics for M.Sc. Students, the first time Nuclear Physics had been included in the curriculum of higher studies of science in the country. It was due to his pioneering efforts that the first Cyclotron was brought to India in 1941 by his brilliant student Dr. B.D. Nag Chaudhuri who received his doctorate from the University of California at Berkeley in the cyclotronic sciences. In 1947, Saha established the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Calcutta, which later was named after him as Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics. It was at the initiative of Saha that in 1939 the Scientific Advisory Committee was formed in the Indian National Congress with the help of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose; Jawaharlal Nehru was also a member in it. ccclxxviii Post-Independence: Bhabha as Dictator India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, was very keen to advance research in atomic energy, because, in his words, if India had “to remain abreast of the world, [it] must develop this atomic energy”. ccclxxix And so he initiated India's nuclear program just a few months after independence with the passage of the Atomic Energy Act of 1948. However, ignoring the whole galaxy of brilliant scientists who had done such wonderful work in nuclear physics and even established institutions of research during the trying years of the freedom struggle, Prime Minister Nehru handed over the reins of India’s nuclear energy program to Dr. Homi Bhabha. Dr. Bhabha was also a gifted physicist who had made his mark while a student at Cambridge University in the 1930s, but he was much younger to Saha and others. ccclxxx One probable reason for this was that India’s atomic energy program has been undemocratic and shrouded in secrecy from its very beginning, and Saha and others were critical of it. In the words of Saha, “the administrative policy with respect to the development of atomic energy has been extremely retrograde. From the very first there was a veil of secrecy about it. We were not allowed to talk about atomic energy. The Atomic Energy Commissioners never said what they were doing, what researches they were financing...” ccclxxxi 95
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NUCLEAR ENERGY Technology From Hell
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Introduction Part I: Government Pla
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yet to find solution to the problem
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Mithivirdi: A powerful movement of
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eing proposed to be set up in the c
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nuclear power plant accident, in ou
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was subsequently endorsed by the he
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Atoms are so small that they can’
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called enriched uranium. [Note that
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of a nuclear power reactor. A typic
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Coolant: A liquid or gas circulatin
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Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor Hea
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Is Nuclear Energy Safe? Chapter 3 A
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iii. Gamma radiation: This is akin
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haematopoietic system). Radiation c
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Part III: Radiation Emission in Nuc
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The radioactivity from the tailing
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power plant contains an amount of l
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Tritium is a particularly scary mat
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Plutonium cxi Named after Pluto, th
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Firstly, reprocessing does not redu
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Page 47 and 48: We today know for a fact that the n
Page 49 and 50: Till 2005, there were at least 10,0
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Page 67 and 68: 6. Blithely Ignoring Health Costs S
Page 69 and 70: Is Nuclear Power Green? Chapter 5 S
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Page 103 and 104: Background Part III: US-India Agree
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guidelines.” It’s unbelievable
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The Sustainable Alternative to Nucl
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especially bad in the rural areas,
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of the human body. In particular, t
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While the costs of large dams are h
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Demand Side Management Potential to
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such absolutely non-essential uses?
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The US has the highest installed wi
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Solar water heaters are a very simp
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Renewable Energies: Poised for a Le
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(iii) Small Hydro Power The governm
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Indian villages are spread over wid
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Energy about the huge potential of
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anticipating a change in NSG rules,
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� Privatise the public sector, in
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countries - recycling rubbish in th
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inflows of foreign capital (also kn
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analyse. We must develop our politi
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xxvii I. Semendeferi, “Legitimati
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lxxxvii Ali al-Fadhily and Dahr Jam
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cliii The IAEA maintains an interna
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cciv Mycle Schneider, et al., “Th
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cclxxi “Nuclear power: a dangerou
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cccxxxv “The postponement of the
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cdi “Uranium imports boost Indian
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cdlxix Dhirendra Sharma, India’s
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dxxxviii “Nuclear power in India
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dxciii M. V. Ramana, ibid. dxciv Mu
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dclix Union of Concerned Scientists
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Nuclear Energy

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