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dcxxix “Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Dams FAQ”, May 1, 2007, http://www.internationalrivers.org dcxxx “Lesson for India: Large dams lead to global warming too”, May 28, 2007, http://www.rediff.com/news/2007 dcxxxi See, for example: “A Trojan Horse for Large Dams”, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk; Himanshu Thakkar, “Future Water Solutions for India”, http://indiawaterportal.org dcxxxii http://www.sandrp.in/hydropower/Hydro_Tariff_CERC_Proposal_CWP_Submission_March08.pdf dcxxxiii A discussion on this can be found in “A Trojan Horse for Large Dams”, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk dcxxxiv Cited in: Balam Vincent and Patrick McCully, “Supreme Contradictions”, http://www.indiatogether.org/opinions/sc-ssp.htm dcxxxv Source: Integrated Energy Policy, Planning Commission, pp. 81-82; and “Still Waiting: A Report on Energy Injustice”, Greenpeace India Society, op. cit. dcxxxvi As on March 2010: CEA, http://www.cea.nic.in dcxxxvii A. Shyam, “Energy Efficiency options for thermal power plants in India”, Jan 21, 2010, http://www.energycentral.com dcxxxviii CEA, Monthly Report March 2010, http://www.cea.nic.in dcxxxix “India’s Electricity Transmission and Distribution Losses”, July 26, 2008, http://cleantechindia.wordpress.com dcxl “South Korea to help India cut power T&D losses”, Jun 3, 2010, http://economictimes.indiatimes.com dcxli “Power Sector Inefficiency – Economic & Legal Implications”, http://www.groundreportindia.com dcxlii Shankar Sharma, “Power sector reforms: a pilot study on Karnataka”, http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in dcxliii CEA, Monthly Report March 2010, http://www.cea.nic.in dcxliv Same point has been made by Puneet Tayal, “Power Generation: Power saved is power generated”, http://www.waterenergynexus.com dcxlv Girish Sant, et al., “Energy saving potential in Indian households from improved appliance efficiency”, March 2010, http://www.prayaspune.org dcxlvi Assuming T&D losses of 15% and average availability of 90% for new capacity: Girish Sant, et al., ibid. dcxlvii Shankar Sharma, “Power sector reforms: a pilot study on Karnataka”, http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in dcxlviii Integrated Energy Policy, 2006, http://planningcommission.nic.in., p. 49. dcxlix CEA, Annual Report 2007-08, http://www.cea.nic.in, pp. 54-55. dcl Shankar Sharma, a well-known consultant to the electrical industry, has made these calculations for the State of Karnataka and shown that the power supply deficit in the State can be met just by adopting energy efficiency measures. The gross power availability in the state was 8954 MW as on Oct 21, 2008. Therefore, net power availability – after accounting for auxiliary consumption and unplanned outages – should have been about 8046 MW. The peak power requirement for the state was only 6583 MW for the year 2007-08. This indicates that had the state electricity sector functioned at the international T&D loss level of less than 10%, the electricity generation capacity in the state was more than enough to meet not just the peak demand but also the annual energy requirement of 40,320 MU. In fact, there would have been a surplus generating capacity, and there would have been no need to set up new power plants in the state for the next few years. In reality, due to the inefficiency prevailing in the power sector, there was a power supply deficit! The maximum demand the state met during that year was only 5,567 MW, and the annual energy supply was just 39,230 MU, resulting in a deficit of 15.7% and 2.7% respectively. (Reference: Shankar Sharma, “Power sector reforms: a pilot study on Karnataka”, op. cit.). dcli Shankar Sharma, “Power sector reforms: a pilot study on Karnataka”, ibid. dclii Helen Caldicott, Nuclear Power is not the answer to Global Warming or anything else, Melbourne University Press, 2006, pp. 161, 168. dcliii http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power; Union of Concerned Scientists, “How wind energy works”, http://www.ucsusa.org; http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php dcliv “Wind Power”, http://en.wikipedia.org, accessed on Feb 25, 2011; “World Wind Energy Report 2009, Executive Summary”, Mar 10, 2010, World Wind Energy Association, http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=266&Itemid=43 dclv Union of Concerned Scientists, “How wind energy works”, http://www.ucsusa.org dclvi “Global wind energy markets will continue to boom”, Sept 4, 2009, Global Wind Energy Council, http://www.gwec.net dclvii http://www.wise-cleanenergy.info/green-energy/GE-May-June09.pdf, p. 17. dclviii Union of Concerned Scientists, “How wind energy works”, http://www.ucsusa.org 200
dclix Union of Concerned Scientists, “How solar energy works”, http://www.ucsusa.org dclx Y. B. Ramakrishna (Chairman of Taskforce on Bio-fuels, Government of Karnataka), Keynote address at workshop on: “Renewable Energy: Employment & Entrepreneurial opportunities”, June 6-7 2009, Mangalore. dclxi Lester Brown, “On Rooftops Worldwide, A Solar Water Heating Revolution”, http://www.celsias.com; Union of Concerned Scientists, “How solar energy works”, http://www.ucsusa.org dclxii “Concentrated Solar Power, Factsheet,” August 2009, http://www.eesi.org/files/csp_factsheet_083109.pdf dclxiii http://www.erec.org/renewableenergysources/csp-solar-power.html dclxiv Keith Bradsher, “China Tries a New Tack to Go Solar”, New York Times, Jan 9, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com dclxv dclxvi “Concentrated Solar Power, Factsheet”, August 2009, op. cit. “CSP and photovoltaic solar power”, Aug 23, 2009, http://www.reuters.com dclxvii http://www.wise-cleanenergy.info/green-energy/GE-May-June09.pdf, p. 17. dclxviii http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrating_solar_power dclxix http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics dclxx US cost figures taken from: “Solar Energy Costs/Prices”, http://www.solarbuzz.com/statsCosts.htm dclxxi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics dclxxii Union of Concerned Scientists, “How solar energy works”, http://www.ucsusa.org dclxxiii dclxxiv http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics Renewables Global Status Report 2009 Update, http://www.ren21.net dclxxv Ibid. dclxxvi “EU renewable energy policy”, Aug 2, 2007, http://www.euractiv.com/en/energy dclxxvii http://www.wise-cleanenergy.info/green-energy/GE-May-June09.pdf, p. 17. dclxxviii Ibid., p. 15; “50% of Electricity Must Come From Renewables by 2050 to Avert Global Warming: IEA”, http://www.treehugger.com dclxxix Report actually talks of renewables, and not new renewables. We have excluded figures for hydro while giving the statistics here for new renewables – but therefore the potential of small hydropower is not included in these statistics. dclxxx “Energy [R]Evolution: A Sustainable World Energy Outlook”, Greenpeace- European Renewable Energy Council Report, 2007, p. 94: we have excluded the figures for hydro power to arrive at the figures for new renewables. Source: http://www.energyblueprint.info dclxxxi Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Official Website, http://mnre.gov.in dclxxxii http://mnre.gov.in/achievements.htm dclxxxiii Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Annual Report 2009-10, http://mnre.gov.in dclxxxiv http://mnre.gov.in/annualreport/2009-10EN; http://mnre.gov.in/achievements.htm dclxxxv “Indian Wind Energy Outlook 2009 – Executive Summary”, www.businesswireindia.com dclxxxvi Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Annual Report 2009-10, http://mnre.gov.in dclxxxvii Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Annual Reports 2009-10 and 2008-09, http://mnre.gov.in dclxxxviii Ibid. dclxxxix Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, http://mnre.gov.in/achievements.htm dcxc Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Annual Report 2009-10, http://mnre.gov.in dcxci “Ocean Energy in India”, Energy Alternatives India, 2009, http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/oce/oce.html dcxcii Figure of 50,000 MW is quoted from http://direc2010.gov.in/solar.html dcxciii http://www.wise-cleanenergy.info/green-energy/GE-May-June09.pdf, p. 18. dcxciv AKN Reddy, “Energy Strategies for a Sustainable Development in India”, http://amulya-reddy.org.in dcxcv Integrated Energy Policy, 2006, http://planningcommission.nic.in, p. 81. dcxcvi http://www.wise-cleanenergy.info/green-energy/GE-May-June09.pdf, p. 14. dcxcvii J. Sri Raman, “The U.S.-India nuclear deal – one year later”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Oct 1, 2009, http://www.thebulletin.org; “India demands lift of ban on dual use items; $270 Billion dangles”, IANS, March 24, 2009, http://www.siliconindia.com dcxcviii J. Sri Raman, “The U.S.-India nuclear deal – one year later”, ibid. dcxcix Ibid. dcc “Commercial Motivations Add Impetus to Indo-US Nuclear Agreement”, WMD Insights, May 2007 issue, http://www.wmdinsights.com dcci “Nuclear Power in India”, updated Nov 30, 2010, http://www.world-nuclear.org dccii “Commercial Motivations Add Impetus to Indo-US Nuclear Agreement”, WMD Insights, op. cit. dcciii Ibid. dcciv “End to India nuclear isolation opens huge market”, Sept 9, 2008, http://www.nuclearpowerdaily.com 201
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NUCLEAR ENERGY Technology From Hell
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Introduction Part I: Government Pla
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yet to find solution to the problem
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Mithivirdi: A powerful movement of
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eing proposed to be set up in the c
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nuclear power plant accident, in ou
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was subsequently endorsed by the he
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Atoms are so small that they can’
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called enriched uranium. [Note that
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of a nuclear power reactor. A typic
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Coolant: A liquid or gas circulatin
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Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor Hea
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Is Nuclear Energy Safe? Chapter 3 A
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iii. Gamma radiation: This is akin
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haematopoietic system). Radiation c
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Part III: Radiation Emission in Nuc
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The radioactivity from the tailing
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power plant contains an amount of l
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Tritium is a particularly scary mat
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Plutonium cxi Named after Pluto, th
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Firstly, reprocessing does not redu
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sports and fishing were also banned
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detail the impact of these 'once th
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We today know for a fact that the n
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Till 2005, there were at least 10,0
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The report mentions 16 “events”
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In an article published in The Nati
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Even asssuming that there will not
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fossil fuels. It has now come up wi
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Opinion of Credit Ratings Agencies
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it acknowledged that the expected c
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plant owners to use much more of th
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was the Vice-President of the USA):
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6. Blithely Ignoring Health Costs S
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Is Nuclear Power Green? Chapter 5 S
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Energy Balance attempts to make an
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nuclear energy as compared to elect
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Table 1: Estimates of Total and Nuc
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� At the end of 2009, there were
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Therefore, despite all the optimism
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1. Reviewing the Nuclear Renaissanc
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certification also runs out in 2012
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nuclear phase-out plans which are n
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lower house (Bundestag) to pass a b
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UK and French nuclear safety author
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The second and more important reaso
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eactor or two, but considering that
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Pre-Independence Period India’s N
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Secretary to the DAE. The 1958 Reso
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The reality has been quite differen
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Narora Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 4
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Background Part III: US-India Agree
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2. New Reactors Even before the Ind
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clearance, indicative of the fact t
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producing electricity from these re
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matters of negotiations”. cdxliii
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arm of Indian big industry, had ext
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India’s Nuclear Installations: Sa
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extremely sensitive material used i
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area due to uranium mining. cdlxxxi
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women complained of fatigue, weakne
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India: World’s most unsafe, most
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the AEC has not instituted an award
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The biggest deficiency in the Rajas
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The bed of the Thane creek, which i
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Fires have also occurred repeatedly
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workers are exposed to radiation, a
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can't catch anything else, and ther
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up in 1971 at Kalpakkam to lead the
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Tulsunde (population 800), Janshipa
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are going to be correspondingly hig
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governing the computers and systems
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guidelines.” It’s unbelievable
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The Sustainable Alternative to Nucl
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Page 157 and 158: such absolutely non-essential uses?
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Page 163 and 164: Renewable Energies: Poised for a Le
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Page 195 and 196: cdlxix Dhirendra Sharma, India’s
Page 197 and 198: dxxxviii “Nuclear power in India
Page 199: dxciii M. V. Ramana, ibid. dxciv Mu
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