Nuclear Energy

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dii Helen Caldicott, Nuclear Power is not the answer to Global Warming or anything else, Melbourne University Press, 2006, p. 152. diii Adnan Gill, “Indian nuclear program: disasters in making”, July 10, 2006, http://www.bhopal.net/opinions, div Nicholas Lenssen, Christopher Flavin, “Meltdown”, World Watch Magazine, May-June, 1996, http://findarticles.com dv Lekha Rattanani, “How safe are our N-reactors?” Outlook, July 10, 1996, http://www.outlookindia.com dvi Lekha Rattanani, ibid.; M. V. Ramana, “Nuclear Power in India: Failed Past, Dubious Future”, March 2007, http://www.isn.ethz.ch dvii Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit. dviii A. Gopalakrishan, “Issues of nuclear safety”, Frontline, Mar. 13 - 26, 1999, http://www.hinduonnet.com dix Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit. dx Lekha Rattanani, “How safe are our N-reactors?” op. cit. dxi Cited by Bittu Sahgal, in “Nuclear Fantasy”, New Internationalist, August, 1998, http://www.newint.org/features/1998/08/05/endpiece/ dxii Frederick Wolf, cited in M.V Ramana and Ashwin Kumar, “Safety First? Kaiga and Other Nuclear Stories ”, op. cit. dxiii A.S. Panneerselvan, “Close To A Critical Mess”, op. cit.; T. S. Gopi Rethinaraj, “In The Comfort Of Secrecy”, op. cit.; A. Gopalakrishnan, “Issues of nuclear safety”, op. cit. dxiv We are discussing Tarapur 3&4 only in brief, as we do not know much about the state of these reactors. dxv Ram Parmar , Yogesh Sadhwani, “Radioactive leak averted at Tarapur Atomic Plant”, July 7, 2010, http://www.mumbaimirror.com dxvi We are not discussing RAPS 3, 4, 5 & 6, as we do not anything about the state of these reactors. dxvii Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit.; “Nuclear Power in India”, updated Nov 30, 2010, http://www.world-nuclear.org; Adnan Gill, “Indian nuclear program: Disasters-in-Making”, July 10, 2006, http://www.paktribune.com; T. S. Gopi Rethinaraj, “In the Comfort of Secrecy”, op. cit.; “National Report to The Convention on Nuclear Safety”, Government of India, September 2007, http://www.dae.gov.in dxviii T. S. Gopi Rethinaraj, “In the Comfort of Secrecy”, ibid.; A.S. Panneerselvan, “Close To A Critical Mess”, op. cit. dxix “National Report to The Convention on Nuclear Safety”, Government of India, September 2007, http://www.dae.gov.in dxx A.S. Panneerselvan, “Close To A Critical Mess”, op. cit.; A. Gopalakrishnan, “Issues of nuclear safety”, op. cit. dxxi A.S. Panneerselvan, “Close To A Critical Mess”, ibid. dxxii Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit. dxxiii J. Sri Raman, “Tsunamis and a Nuclear Threat in the South of India”, Jan 2, 2005, www.truthout.org, dxxiv A. Gopalakrishnan, “Issues of nuclear safety”, op. cit. dxxv Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit.; T. S. Gopi Rethinaraj, “In the Comfort of Secrecy”, op. cit.; M. V. Ramana, “The Indian Nuclear Industry: Status and Prospects”, The Centre for International Governance Innovation Nuclear Energy Futures Paper No. 9, December 2009, http://www2.carleton.ca/cctc/ccms/wp-content/ccms-files/Nuclear_Energy_WP9.pdf dxxvi Buddhi Kota Subbarao, ibid.; A. Gopalakrishnan, “Issues of nuclear safety”, op. cit. dxxvii A. Gopalakrishnan, “Issues of nuclear safety”, ibid.; “Kakrapar nuclear reactor shut down”, The Hindu, April 23, 2004; Buddhi Kota Subbarao, ibid. dxxviii Buddhi Kota Subbarao, ibid. dxxix A. Gopalakrishnan, “Issues of nuclear safety”, op. cit. dxxx T. S. Gopi Rethinaraj, “In The Comfort Of Secrecy”, op. cit.; Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit. dxxxi Buddhi Kota Subbarao, ibid. dxxxii Kunal Majumdar, “Accident Sites - radiation, cancer, blindness, tardiness, cover-ups: The lessons from the Kalpakkam nuclear facility”, Tehelka, Sept 11, 2010, http://www.tehelka.com dxxxiii C. Shivakumar, “Kalpakkam’s forgotten people”, Oct 20, 2008, http://www.sacw.net dxxxiv A. Gopalakrishnan, “Undermining nuclear safety”, Frontline, June 24 - July 07, 2000, http://www.hinduonnet.com dxxxv This section has been summarised from: M.V Ramana and Ashwin Kumar, “Safety First? Kaiga and Other Nuclear Stories ”, op. cit.; M. V. Ramana, “The Indian Nuclear Industry: Status and Prospects”, op. cit. dxxxvi “Nuclear brass allay fears over Jaitapur plant”, Jan 7, 2010, http://www.newkerala.com dxxxvii Cited while discussing TAPS in Part IV above. 196
dxxxviii “Nuclear power in India”, http://en.wikipedia.org dxxxix Praful Bidwai, “Lessons from Kaiga”, op. cit. dxl M.V Ramana and Ashwin Kumar, “Safety First? Kaiga and Other Nuclear Stories”, op. cit.; T. S. Subramanian, “The Kalpakkam `incident'”, Frontline, August 16, 2003, http://www.hinduonnet.com; M. V. Ramana, “The Indian Nuclear Industry: Status and Prospects”, op. cit. dxli Kunal Majumdar, “Accident Sites - radiation, cancer, blindness, tardiness, cover-ups: The lessons from the Kalpakkam nuclear facility”, op. cit. dxlii Ibid. dxliii Praful Bidwai, “Lessons from Kaiga”, op. cit.; M. V. Ramana and Ashwin Kumar, “Safety First? Kaiga and Other Nuclear Stories”, op. cit. dxliv Both examples cited in: M. V. Ramana and Ashwin Kumar, “Safety First? Kaiga and Other Nuclear Stories”, ibid. dxlv Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit. dxlvi V. K. Shashikumar, “Leaks at India's nuclear-power plants: cause for concern?”, The Christian Science Monitor, October 11, 2002, http://www.csmonitor.com dxlvii “Activists to protest against proposed nuke power plant”, April 22, 2007, http://news.webindia123.com; M. V. Ramana, J. Y. Suchitra, “Economic and Environmental Costs of Nuclear Power”, paper was originally presented at the Ninth Biennial Conference of the International Society of Ecological Economics, New Delhi. dxlviii The study found the average prevalence of goiter among women above the age of 14 to be 11.5% in the local area within a distance of 6 km around the MAPS, 3.8% at a distance of 40 km from the plant, and 1.4% 400 km away from the plant; the average prevalence of AITD was 2% in the local area, 0.9% 40 km away, and 0.2% in region 400 km away from the plant. dxlix V. Pugazhenthi, et al., “Prevalence of goiter and autoimmune thyroid disorder in the local area of Madras Atomic Power Station, India – Results of a cross sectional epidemiological study”, unpublished study; for copies – V. T. Padmanabhan, P. O. Pathayakkunnu, Tellicherry, Kerala, India, Pin – 670 691; some results from this survey published in: C. Shivakumar, “Kalpakkam’s forgotten people have a tale to tell”, Oct 20, 2008, http://www.sacw.net dl C. Shivakumar, “Kalpakkam’s forgotten people have a tale to tell”, ibid. dli Cited in Buddhi Kota Subbarao, “India's Nuclear Prowess: False Claims and Tragic Truths”, op. cit.; C. Shivakumar, “Kalpakkam’s forgotten people have a tale to tell”, ibid. dlii Thomas B. Cochran, et al., “It's Time to Give Up on Breeder Reactors”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May-June 2010, available on internet at www.princeton.edu/sgs dliii M. V. Ramana, “Nuclear Power in India: Failed Past, Dubious Future”, May 9, 2006, www.npolicy.org dliv Thomas B. Cochran, et al., “It's Time to Give Up on Breeder Reactors”, op. cit. dlv Ibid.; M. V. Ramana, “Nuclear Power in India: Failed Past, Dubious Future”, op. cit. dlvi M. V. Ramana, “Nuclear Power in India: Failed Past, Dubious Future”, ibid.; “IEER-CNIC release re: Rokkasho”, Sept 27, 2001, http://www.ieer.org dlvii Thomas B. Cochran, et al., “It's Time to Give Up on Breeder Reactors”, op. cit. dlviii Ibid.; Thomas B. Cochran, et. al., “Fast Breeder Reactor Programs: History and Status”, Research report of: International Panel on Fissile Materials, February 2010, www.fissilematerials.org, pp. 10, 18-19; Frank von Hippel, Editor, “ The Uncertain Future of Nuclear Energy”, Research report of: International Panel on Fissile Materials, September 2010, www.fissilematerials.org, p. 34. dlix Thomas B. Cochran, et. al. “It's Time to Give Up on Breeder Reactors”, ibid.; Pavel Podvig, Thomas B. Cochran, cited in: “History and status of fast breeder reactor programs worldwide”, Feb 17, 2010, http://www.fissilematerials.org; Allison Macfarlane, “Russia's Nukes – Canning Plutonium: Faster and Cheaper”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May / June 1999, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu dlx M. V. Ramana, “India and Fast Breeder Reactors”, 2009, www.princeton.edu; M. V. Ramana, “The Indian Nuclear Industry: Status and Prospects”, Dec 2009, The Centre for International Governance Innovation, http://www2.carleton.ca dlxi M. V. Ramana, “India and Fast Breeder Reactors”, ibid.; M. V. Ramana, “Nuclear Power in India: Failed Past, Dubious Future”, op. cit; Praful Bidwai, “No global “nuclear renaissance”, only limited nuclear power expansion in India”, Mar 25, 2010, http://www.prafulbidwai.org dlxii M. V. Ramana, “Nuclear Power in India: Failed Past, Dubious Future”, ibid. dlxiii Ibid. dlxiv Rahul Goswami, “India's 'stage three' fantasy”, Himal South Asia, Oct 2009, http://himalmag.com/component/content/article/53/658-Indias-stage-three-fantasy.html 197
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NUCLEAR ENERGY Technology From Hell
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Introduction Part I: Government Pla
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yet to find solution to the problem
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Mithivirdi: A powerful movement of
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eing proposed to be set up in the c
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nuclear power plant accident, in ou
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was subsequently endorsed by the he
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Atoms are so small that they can’
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called enriched uranium. [Note that
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of a nuclear power reactor. A typic
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Coolant: A liquid or gas circulatin
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Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor Hea
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Is Nuclear Energy Safe? Chapter 3 A
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iii. Gamma radiation: This is akin
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haematopoietic system). Radiation c
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Part III: Radiation Emission in Nuc
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The radioactivity from the tailing
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power plant contains an amount of l
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Tritium is a particularly scary mat
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Plutonium cxi Named after Pluto, th
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Firstly, reprocessing does not redu
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sports and fishing were also banned
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detail the impact of these 'once th
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We today know for a fact that the n
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Till 2005, there were at least 10,0
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The report mentions 16 “events”
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In an article published in The Nati
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Even asssuming that there will not
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fossil fuels. It has now come up wi
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Opinion of Credit Ratings Agencies
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it acknowledged that the expected c
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plant owners to use much more of th
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was the Vice-President of the USA):
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6. Blithely Ignoring Health Costs S
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Is Nuclear Power Green? Chapter 5 S
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Energy Balance attempts to make an
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nuclear energy as compared to elect
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Table 1: Estimates of Total and Nuc
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� At the end of 2009, there were
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Therefore, despite all the optimism
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1. Reviewing the Nuclear Renaissanc
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certification also runs out in 2012
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nuclear phase-out plans which are n
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lower house (Bundestag) to pass a b
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UK and French nuclear safety author
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The second and more important reaso
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eactor or two, but considering that
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Pre-Independence Period India’s N
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Secretary to the DAE. The 1958 Reso
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The reality has been quite differen
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Narora Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 4
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Background Part III: US-India Agree
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2. New Reactors Even before the Ind
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clearance, indicative of the fact t
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producing electricity from these re
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matters of negotiations”. cdxliii
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arm of Indian big industry, had ext
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India’s Nuclear Installations: Sa
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extremely sensitive material used i
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area due to uranium mining. cdlxxxi
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women complained of fatigue, weakne
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India: World’s most unsafe, most
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the AEC has not instituted an award
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The biggest deficiency in the Rajas
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The bed of the Thane creek, which i
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Fires have also occurred repeatedly
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workers are exposed to radiation, a
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can't catch anything else, and ther
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up in 1971 at Kalpakkam to lead the
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Tulsunde (population 800), Janshipa
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are going to be correspondingly hig
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governing the computers and systems
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Page 147 and 148: The Sustainable Alternative to Nucl
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Page 151 and 152: of the human body. In particular, t
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Page 157 and 158: such absolutely non-essential uses?
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Page 161 and 162: Solar water heaters are a very simp
Page 163 and 164: Renewable Energies: Poised for a Le
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Page 195: cdlxix Dhirendra Sharma, India’s
Page 199 and 200: dxciii M. V. Ramana, ibid. dxciv Mu
Page 201 and 202: dclix Union of Concerned Scientists
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