Nuclear Energy

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ccciv Jackson Browne, “It's a Nuclear Retreat, not Renaissance”, Aug 27, 2009, http://www.jacksonbrowne.com; Caroline Stetler, “Nuclear lobbying turns to states”, Jan 24, 2010, http://investigativereportingworkshop.org cccv “Vermont Senate vote shows that Obama's nuclear renaissance is dead on arrival”, Feb 25, 2010, http://members.greenpeace.org/blog cccvi “Experts: Three latest industry setbacks further dim nuclear renaissance”, Dec 16, 2009, http://www.psr.org cccvii Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 92. cccviii “Experts: Energy Department Should 'Immediately Halt' Plans to Issue Taxpayer-Backed Loan Guarantees in Wake of Major NRC Safety Objection to Westinghouse Reactor Design”, October 22, 2009, http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases cccix Sue Sturgis, “New safety issues documented with nuclear reactors planned for Southeast”, April 22, 2010, http://www.southernstudies.org; “Groups Urge Feds to Suspend Nuclear Licensing; Westinghouse Reactor Defect Was Missed By Regulators”, April 21, 2010, http://gawand.org cccx Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 92. cccxi “Aborted nuclear loan guarantee for Calvert Cliffs 3 causes global ambitions for EPR to ‘cool’”, Beyond Nuclear, Oct 26, 2010, http://www.beyondnuclear.org; Peggy Hollinger, Stephanie Kirchgaessner, “Constellation pulls out of EDF project”, Financial Times, Oct 9, 2010, http://www.ft.com cccxii “Exelon’s Rowe: Low gas prices and no carbon price push back nuclear renaissance a “decade, maybe two””, Climate Progress, Oct 12, 2010, http://climateprogress.org cccxiii Richard W. Caperton, “Protecting Taxpayers from a Financial Meltdown”, March 8, 2010, http://www.americanprogress.org cccxiv Robert K. Temple, “ Saving Japan's Nuclear Reactor Industry”, August 4, 2010, http://www.japaninc.com; Katarzyna Klimasinska, “NRG Energy May Stop Texas Nuclear-Plant Expansion (Update3)”, Jan 29, 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com cccxv Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 90-91. cccxvi David H. Martin, “The CANDU Syndrome: Canada's Bid to Export Nuclear Reactors to Turkey”, Sept 1997, http://www.ccnr.org cccxvii “Nuclear Power in Canada”, Nov 30, 2010, http://www.world-nuclear.org cccxviii Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 90-91; “The Future of Nuclear Energy to 2030 and its implications for safety, security and nonproliferation: Overview”, Report by The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2010, p. 12. cccxix For our definition, we have included the 15 countries which constituted the European Union before its expansion in 2004, and added to it the 3 countries whose names are also there in list of West European countries as defined by National Geographic Society. For this latter list, see “Western Europe”, http://en.wikipedia.org. Other definitions of Western Europe include tiny countries like Andorra, Liechtenstein, Malta, Monaco and San Marino, but that makes no difference to our discussion as all these are also non-nuclear countries. cccxx Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 98-99; we have added figures for Switzerland to the figures given by Mycle Schneider. cccxxi Ibid., pp. 98-99. cccxxii “Nuclear energy policy”, http://en.wikipedia.org, accessed on Dec 6, 2010; “Coming Clean: How clean is nuclear energy”, published by Stichting GroenLinks in the European Union, October 2000, http://www10.antenna.nl/wise cccxxiii “Anti-nuclear Movement in Austria”, July 10, 2010, http://www.greenkids.de cccxxiv “Nuclear Energy in Denmark”, May 2010, http://www.world-nuclear.org cccxxv “Greece announces nuclear moratorium”, Feb 11, 2009, http://www.edie.net cccxxvi “Nuclear Power in Italy”, May 2010, http://www.world-nuclear.org cccxxvii “Nuclear Power in the Netherlands”, Nov 2010, http://www.world-nuclear.org cccxxviii Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 104-105. cccxxix Ibid., p. 99. cccxxx Ibid., p. 103; “Anti-nuclear movement in Germany”, http://en.wikipedia.org, accessed on Dec 6, 2010. cccxxxi “Nuclear Power in Spain”, http://en.wikipedia.org, accessed on Dec 6, 2010; Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, ibid., p. 104. cccxxxii “Nuclear Power in the Netherlands”, Nov 2010, http://www.world-nuclear.org cccxxxiii “Netherlands Looking into Second New Nuclear Power Plant”, Sep 8, 2010, http://nuclearstreet.com cccxxxiv Sonal Patel, “Belgium, Germany Edge Toward Nuclear Future”, Dec 1, 2009, http://www.powermag.com 190
cccxxxv “The postponement of the nuclear phase-out postponed”, May 18, 2010, http://belgianenergylaw.blogspot.com; “Belgium asked the outgoing government to manage the country during the crisis”, Oct 6, 2010, http://www.pisqa.com; “Nuclear power and coalition government”, Greenpeace, May 12, 2010, http://www.greenpeace.org cccxxxvi Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 104-105; Terry Macalister, “Sweden lifts ban on nuclear power”, Feb 5, 2009, guardian.co.uk cccxxxvii “Swedish parliament narrowly reverses ban on new nuclear power plants”, June 17, 2010, http://www.dw-world.de cccxxxviii “PM defends minority government formation”, Oct 10, 2010, http://www.stockholmnews.com cccxxxix “Swedish parliament narrowly reverses ban on new nuclear power plants”, June 17, 2010, http://www.dw-world.de; Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 104-105. cccxl Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Italy Embraces Nuclear Power”, The New York Times, May 23, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008; Mycle Schneider, et. al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, ibid., p. 25. cccxli Israel Rafalovich, “Italy’s Nuclear Plans at Risk”, Feb. 04, 2010, http://www.energytribune.com; Guy Dinmore, “Berlusconi crisis hits nuclear revival”, Nov 22, 2010, http://guydinmore.wordpress.com cccxlii Tony Czuczka, “Merkel’s Nuclear-Power Plans Are Passed as Greens Cry ‘Putsch’”, Oct 28, 2010, http://www.businessweek.com cccxliii Kate Connolly, “Germany agrees to extend life of nuclear power stations”, Sept 6, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk cccxliv Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, ibid., p. 104; Cristina Mateo- Yanguas, “Nuclear energy might not be on its way out in Spain after all”, Oct 26, 2009, http://www.globalpost.com; “Nuclear Power in Spain”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org, accessed Nov 19, 2010. cccxlv Mycle Schneider et. al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, ibid., pp. 105-107. cccxlvi Carsten Volkery, “Britain's Nuclear Renaissance in Doubt under New Government”, Spiegel Online, July 21, 2010, http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe cccxlvii Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 107-108. cccxlviii “Finland approves two new nuclear reactors”, July 1, 2010, http://www.swedishwire.com cccxlix Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., pp. 101-103. cccl Framatome EPR Brochure, cited in “EPR: The French Reactor”, Greenpeace, Nov 2008, http://www.greenpeace.org cccli “Factsheet: Olkiluoto 3”, Greenpeace, Apr 23, 2008, http://www.greenpeace.org ccclii “Factsheet: Olkiluoto 3”, Greenpeace, ibid.; "French, UK, Finnish Regulators: Have Raised Areva EPR Issues”, Nov 6, 2009, http://www.chinanuclear.cn cccliii “Factsheet: Olkiluoto 3”, Greenpeace, ibid.; H. Hirsch and W. Neumann “Progress and Quality Assurance Regime at the EPR Construction at Olkiluoto”, op. cit. cccliv H. Hirsch and W. Neumann “Progress and Quality Assurance Regime at the EPR Construction at Olkiluoto”, ibid.; see also “Factsheet: Olkiluoto 3”, Greenpeace, ibid. ccclv H. Hirsch and W. Neumann “Progress and Quality Assurance Regime at the EPR Construction at Olkiluoto”, ibid.; see also “Factsheet: Olkiluoto 3”, Greenpeace, ibid. ccclvi “Factsheet: Olkiluoto 3”, Greenpeace, ibid. ccclvii Dr. Helmut Hirsch has about 30 years of experience as nuclear expert. He has worked for the Austrian Federal Government as well as for German State Government and municipal administrations. He is also a member of OECD s Nuclear Energy Agency expert group. ccclviii H. Hirsch and W. Neumann “Progress and Quality Assurance Regime at the EPR Construction at Olkiluoto”, op. cit. ccclix “EPR: The French Reactor”, Greenpeace International, Nov 2008, http://www.greenpeace.org; A. Gopalakrishnan, “Reject French reactors for Jaitapur”, Dec 2, 2010, http://www.cndpindia.org ccclx Discussed in Chapter 4. ccclxi Stephen Thomas, “Really, Mr Huhne, you should brush up on your French”, Sept 1,2010, http://www.parliamentarybrief.com ccclxii “Flamanville: spinning the cost increases”, Dec 5, 2008, http://weblog.greenpeace.org ccclxiii Mycle Schneider, et al., “The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009”, op. cit., p. 102. ccclxiv “France hit by anti-nuclear protests”, March 17, 2007, Evening Echo News, http://www.eveningecho.ie; “Greenpeace assault on EPR”, Nuclear Engineering International, May 1, 2007, http://www.neimagazine.com 191
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NUCLEAR ENERGY Technology From Hell
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Introduction Part I: Government Pla
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yet to find solution to the problem
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Mithivirdi: A powerful movement of
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eing proposed to be set up in the c
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nuclear power plant accident, in ou
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was subsequently endorsed by the he
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Atoms are so small that they can’
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called enriched uranium. [Note that
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of a nuclear power reactor. A typic
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Coolant: A liquid or gas circulatin
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Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor Hea
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Is Nuclear Energy Safe? Chapter 3 A
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iii. Gamma radiation: This is akin
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haematopoietic system). Radiation c
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Part III: Radiation Emission in Nuc
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The radioactivity from the tailing
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power plant contains an amount of l
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Tritium is a particularly scary mat
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Plutonium cxi Named after Pluto, th
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Firstly, reprocessing does not redu
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sports and fishing were also banned
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detail the impact of these 'once th
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We today know for a fact that the n
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Till 2005, there were at least 10,0
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The report mentions 16 “events”
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In an article published in The Nati
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Even asssuming that there will not
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fossil fuels. It has now come up wi
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Opinion of Credit Ratings Agencies
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it acknowledged that the expected c
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plant owners to use much more of th
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was the Vice-President of the USA):
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6. Blithely Ignoring Health Costs S
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Is Nuclear Power Green? Chapter 5 S
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Energy Balance attempts to make an
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nuclear energy as compared to elect
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Table 1: Estimates of Total and Nuc
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� At the end of 2009, there were
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Therefore, despite all the optimism
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1. Reviewing the Nuclear Renaissanc
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certification also runs out in 2012
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nuclear phase-out plans which are n
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lower house (Bundestag) to pass a b
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UK and French nuclear safety author
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The second and more important reaso
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eactor or two, but considering that
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Pre-Independence Period India’s N
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Secretary to the DAE. The 1958 Reso
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The reality has been quite differen
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Narora Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 4
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Background Part III: US-India Agree
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2. New Reactors Even before the Ind
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clearance, indicative of the fact t
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producing electricity from these re
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matters of negotiations”. cdxliii
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arm of Indian big industry, had ext
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India’s Nuclear Installations: Sa
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extremely sensitive material used i
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area due to uranium mining. cdlxxxi
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women complained of fatigue, weakne
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India: World’s most unsafe, most
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the AEC has not instituted an award
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The biggest deficiency in the Rajas
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The bed of the Thane creek, which i
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Fires have also occurred repeatedly
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workers are exposed to radiation, a
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can't catch anything else, and ther
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up in 1971 at Kalpakkam to lead the
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Page 151 and 152: of the human body. In particular, t
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Page 157 and 158: such absolutely non-essential uses?
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Page 161 and 162: Solar water heaters are a very simp
Page 163 and 164: Renewable Energies: Poised for a Le
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Page 179 and 180: analyse. We must develop our politi
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Page 199 and 200: dxciii M. V. Ramana, ibid. dxciv Mu
Page 201 and 202: dclix Union of Concerned Scientists
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