H. Krukplaces”, “Fuel and energy management” and “Sustainable transport, tourism and agriculture”.In the field of economics as well, at University of Szczecin (Faculty of Economicsand Management) at II degree of studies the following specialty is available: Economicsof Environment Protection and Urban Economy. The study curriculum contains thefollowing modules: “Environment protection and management in local governmentunits (LGU)”. “Ecological investment in LGU”, “Urban economy”, “Wastes and hazardoussubstances’ management”. However, this specialty is not strictly related to enterprises,but rather to local and regional levels.On the contrary, at University of Gdansk, there is (in study field: management) aspecialty called Management of Quality and Environment (I degree study) but in acurriculum structure there are only courses connected with the environment, for instance:“CSR”, “Sustainable development”, “Financing of the sustainable development”,“Basis of environmental protection” and “Auditor ISO 9001”.University of Gdansk also offers a new field of study: Business and ecologicaltechnology (II degree of study). The programme structure includes such modules, as:“Green technologies”, “Management of the ecological projects”, “Renewable energy”,“Ecological business planning”, “Environmental monitoring in enterprises” etc. Theonly module not related directly to environmental aspects of economic activity is“Managerial economics”.As far as universities of technology (in Bialystok and Lublin) are concerned, a newfield of studies was prepared: Management and Production Engineering, with coursesincluding some ecological aspects of economic activity (such topics like: “Ecology ofnatural resources and environment protection”). Comparing these two study programmes,ecological and environmental question are presented in a wider way at Universityof Technology in Bialystok (there are the following modules” “Environmentalmanagement”, “Economic analysis in management of environment” etc.).It seems that new pro-ecological fields of studies are growing in the offers that areprovided by the university7. ConclusionsEnvironmental aspects of economic activity are more often included in the structureof the economic and management studies. However, this conclusion does not refer toall universities. There exist academic centres which study programmes do not offer anycourse regarding environment whatsoever. In case of others – some topics are includedbut at selected specialties only. In some universities modules referring to environmentalquestions are mandatory, while in others they remain optional.The most popular modules at Polish universities are CSR, sustainable development,protection of the environment (sometimes together with the use of natural resources or111
Environmental aspects of entrepreneurship – necessity in business educationits ecological foundations) and environmental management. However, they are usuallyclassified as specialty courses, not the major area.The number of specialties devoted to environmental questions is growing. However,it must be mentioned that in the majority of universities such knowledge is lecturedin specialty subjects and they are usually limited to one or two general courses.It is also worth mentioning that new fields of studies, fully (or almost entirely) devotedto environmental aspects of economic activity have been created (like Managementand Production Engineering, Management of Environmental Resources or Ecobusiness).Consequently to that, the ecological awareness in the society, knowledge ofpro-ecological solutions and skills of their implementation into everyday enterprises’activity are also increasing, which may lead to further improvement of ecoinnovativenesslevel and the environment state in the future. The final result of theseactions will be “green”, sustainable economic growth of Polish economy.9. References:1. Borys T., Śleszyński J. (1999), Ekorozwój jako zbiór zasad, [in:] Wskaźniki ekorozwoju,red. T. Borys, Wydawnictwo Ekonomia i Środowisko, Białystok.2. Ejdys J. (2007). Koszty i korzyści systemu zarządzania środowiskowego, [in:] Zarządzanieśrodowiskowe, (ed.) B. Poskrobko, Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne,Warszawa.3. Elliot J.A. (2013). An introduction to sustainable development, Routledge Taylor& Francis Group, London – New York.4. Kistowski M., Staszek W. (1999). Poradnik do opracowania gminnego i powiatowegoprogramu zrównoważonego rozwoju i ochrony środowiska, Pomorski UrządWojewódzki, Wydział Ochrony Środowiska i Rolnictwa, Gdańsk.5. Madej T. (2002). Związki i skutki wzajemnych oddziaływań gospodarki i środowiskaprzyrodniczego, [in:] Gospodarka a środowisko przyrodnicze, (ed.) T. Madej,WN Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin.6. Porter ME, van der Linde C. (1995). Green and competitive: ending the stalemate.Harvard Business Review 73 (5)/95.SummaryAccording to the principles of the European Union, the topic of sustainable developmentis strongly emphasized. The environmental law is becoming stricter, whichmeans new questions and challenges for enterprises comprising: eco-innovations, ecocertifications,implementing ISO and EMAS systems, renewable energy sources, naturalresources estimation, environmental impact assessment, water, energy and wastemanagement, restriction related to various protected area etc. Therefore, all of theabove-mentioned environmental aspect of economic activities should be known tomanagers and businessmen. The following chapter is an attempt to identify the mostfrequently lectured modules devoted to these topics that are incorporated in managementand economics studies at randomly selected Polish universities (9 universities, 7112
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the reader toward better perception
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