Creating-entrepreneurial-mindset

A. Richert-KaźmierskaIn turn, the responsibility for the promotion and implementation of entrepreneurshipeducation at university level in the European Union was entrusted to the Directorate-General Enterprise and Industry. Guidelines defining the scope, methodology and institutionalengagement in this process include the following documents:• Implementing the Community Lisbon Programme: Fostering entrepreneurialmindsets through education and learning (COM/2006/0033);• The Oslo Agenda for Entrepreneurship Education in Europe (The Oslo Agenda);• Entrepreneurship in higher education, especially in non-business studies (2008.Entrepreneurship in higher education).Promoting entrepreneurship at Polish universities is enforced by statutory provisionsintroduced within the framework of the reform of tertiary education in 2005(2005. Ustawa) and 2011 (2011. Ustawa). The universities have been obliged, amongothers, to cooperate with entities acting in their environment more closely, educate inaccordance with the socio-economic needs, promote entrepreneurial attitudes in academia,support the process of creating spin-off businesses, include business practitionersin the teaching process, as well as monitor the careers of graduates. On the nationallevel several initiatives aimed at supporting entrepreneurship in the academic environment,although not involving the activities related to education and teaching, are implemented.These include:• Top 500 Innovators, a programme offering training for young researchers atleading overseas universities to encourage the development of knowledge transferand the commercialization of scientific research;• Brokerzy Innowacji, a project supporting managers of innovation at Polish universities;• Inkubatory Innowacyjności, a project aimed at creating a nationwide network ofincubators of innovation enabling researchers to commercialize innovative solutions;• LIDER and Kreator Innowacyjności – programmes aimed at stimulating thecommercialization of scientific knowledge among the public scientific institutions,as well as at building relationships between research and development institutionsand business.The reality of the Polish universities demonstrates that entrepreneurship courses arestill not offered by all universities or at all majors. Their availability is confirmedmainly by the students of business majors, whereas they is by far sparser at majorsrelated to technology, science and art. In 2008, as many as 60 percent of the more thanfive thousands of final-year students of Pomeranian universities stated that they did notattend any entrepreneurship course during their studies, although in 2010 there werefewer negative responses (42%) (2010. Studenci ostateniego roku). Research resultsfrom 2013 show a slight improvement of the situation in respect of the teaching entre-23