Chapter-1 / Physiological Foundations - WHNLive Public Library

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Acapilloryendt7A-arttJOcopillar! openingBasic mechanisms and functions 41Bcopillor!fIKIt:~~---- ~-C 40 l...,.....---" r--20P~"",(72mmHgJP~-"n6020/V./ ~tRritItt maindftds «tJIfJ f--isIIr rf-esloJiisllmMl gfgood ai-cu/otionantidiflusionconditions in III! /UIl§5.0o20 40 60 8J~iY.---t.. -700% (IoN tioro o20 40 60 8010H.--.....-100%f/ow~Fig.28 Increase in 02 partial pressure in the blood during the passage through the lung capillaries, representedfor a 70-yr-old individual with reduced arterial resting Po (A) as expected, and for a 70-yr-old individual witharterial resting POl. (8) lastingly raised by means of the O;MT by 26 mmHg above the expected level, to 38 mmHg.1 mmHg = 1.33.10 2 Paexertion brings about a great increase in theflow rate of red blood cells virtually saturatedwith O 2 , despite the shortened contact time.The desired augmentation of the O2 offer thenoccurs for the whole organism.Just how much the O 2 saturation of the bloodin the flow through the lung capillaries is worsenedwith the reduction in cardiopulmonal performanceat an age of, e.g. 70 years, can beseen from diagram A in Fig. 28. The course ofthe curve emphasizes to what extent the circulationand diffusion relationships in the lungbelong to the target area of therapy, when wewant to ameliorate or eliminate the reductionin cardiopulmonal performance with advancingage. Diagram B in Fig. 28 gives an example ofthe effects of the 02MT procedure. It showsthat the relationships in the lung system canoften be regenerated, even in older age, to adegree previously hardly believed possible.he interrelationships of the factors decisive forthe P02-art and react!vity of the .lung-hearty tern are shown in Fig. 29. In particular, thecoupling and feed-backs existing between thevarious elements have been drawn in here. Thetriggering factor of the reactivity can either liepredominantly in the lung or in the cardiovascularsystem, or together in both area . Thecellular switching mechanism of the microcirculation,which lastingly closes, or re-openthe capillaries in the diffusion-perfu ion area ofthe lung, is primarily the main contributor toreactivity. Depending on the type of the triggeringfactor or of the regulatory mechani m.the reactivity has either a mall (TI) or a large(T2) time constant. We mu t make a fundamentaldistinction between degenerating influences(-) which decrea e the po 2 - art • andregenerating influence (+) which in rea e thePo 2 -art·Figure 30 shows a typical example of P0 2reactivitywith a mal1 tim con tanto n th rexample of arterial P0 2 r~activit with a malltime con tant i the redu'tion of aIm t 10mmHg (1.3 kPa) in the P0 2 - art due tadof 1.6 mg nitroglycerol. Among th r.. Fi .17 above i an exampi of art rial Po ractivity with a larg time n:tant.1.1.8.2 The reduction in the P02.art due to age and stressful influencesn a non-. el ct d group of patient the P02-artlu vary ov r a wide rang . Figure 31 giv sm tion about th dL tribution of m asur dTh r i' a v ry pr noun d and 'har t ri tidependence of th m an Po -art on a nb s n in ig. 32. It i: n tur 1 th t th r du -4-..l-"'K.LJ~~:':':""=";:;'''';;;''';;';''';''''- L''''''''''''-_~:'''-''~.--I!l-.__,~>.l..... ...-...,.-4J."-,,,-.......~~~ +
1. <strong>Physiological</strong> foundationsAirdosing01tJlmJli (-)r"li ~(ftn:f. shuntproportion)~_L.-_..,hprwnll10lKJn M7;,7;1 1. fJMW:1r!lylJfJWf/lilolKJn (-)r" 1l ventil1tiJnfA.~t/irln1Jultt¥l (-)lj-.tJlfJlwoli Mr"lZ~~+~_t__(ClJIItilJulrs t, rtgtlltfllli,n )8.IJHusitJn~.1 lIiffu.sKJnsurftJrzrciJsing ofcopIiltPs (-)7i[~tlistrilJuliJnJ (-)1; /tpming ofCfJpllories M7i12.2 IIi/ii. .I': 'USKIR({onlribu/~s l(Jrq~n~lQtion) lengthlc. I+rfusionshunt perfusiondependent on Ihebody:SO posdionll!artcart/iac (JutputCOP3.1 lJloodperfusionQ~ contacttimeII(t-t----a~ 0 ~ COPfhealf1lypersc:zs)~ == OJs (Ilealtll.! persons)COf=- 61Il11il- 1 ( resl7~ adulls)4. arterial~-pressu,eP~tFig. 29 The factors of the lung-heart system determining the arterial O 2 partial pressure and reactivity (82).K = diffusion conductivity. Time constants of reactivity: T 1 = a few seconds (sphincters). T 2 = , 5 min to severalhoursDnn/fliTg acup 01coffee (8,59) Increase in urterlal POI __Duralloll ofeffect rery Yonable.110--..........--r-----r---r---,-----,---,I1Pammilg J6Jt.Or~ 14100. .••• +•••••••••'"--Jtf''-+- ~// .: ..... ......../ .. -..•12. ..••.,,-3tUrs,,1110Fig.3O Influence of drinking a cup of coffee
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Page 3: 8 1. Physiological fou~dationsmmHga
Page 6 and 7: Basic mechanisms and functions 11e
Page 8 and 9: Basic mechanisms and functions 13pr
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Page 17 and 18: 100907065"I 4y iological foundation
Page 19 and 20: 1. hy lologlcal foundations70"''''J
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Page 35: II foundationsI tem IBPtrsons with
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Page 42 and 43: 1. Phy iological foundationsAnoO;HT
Page 44 and 45: hysiological foundations...fJJHT(JI
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Page 56 and 57: ~~itItINitIIJq/s N 31 54 52~IBIP~-.
Page 58 and 59: BDuring OzMTprocedurecAfter OzMTpro
Page 60 and 61: A Bi3lrfss 1'1oafofmovement 8 0pl'r
Page 62 and 63: Table 6 PO b measurements of unsele
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Page 66 and 67: IIstress qirI/iII mn wryhJI1IJSISLo
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Page 70 and 71: Table 7 The change in the architect
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Page 74 and 75: IonsFig. 74 Histological pictures s
Page 76 and 77: IonseM' Selecfofherm equipment-_s1S
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Page 80 and 81: eM/rot gro"/!.Histologicallyconfirm
Page 82 and 83: A1er tnit,almonipulotionsand III«l
Page 84 and 85: Q'CSlNltftning1A. QfQ/-fJlf1inguQ
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otllm'lv.2 h th ju tifi d pro p ct
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t48xlD J WsEhmmahooofMe ~crdieal, c
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old°z-/ImitMW mode of calcu/aflonC
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he cylindr'cal area upplied by the'
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Tn-T-~-----1~--~--~JaluralttJtranSi
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aPI)Ii:lcati?n with a patially very
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are triggered. At the same site, ho
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n respired again, the drop in respi
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Exholationtubeloop aroundcmebroncll
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[Xeftt of,t"". Respiratorv... stand
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ventieFig. 112 pH decrease between
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BIncorporation ofJ5s-slI"ate intofh
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~LFig. 115 Electron micrograph of h
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