IonsFig. 74 Histological pictures showing the successful selective segregation of a cancer tissue (OS carcinosarcoma of radfrom the circulation through uniform triggering of irreversible hemostasis with the aid of extreme overacidification+ 42.5 °c local hyperthermia and further measures of the cancer multistep therapy concept. The blood vessels areexpanded and obstructed (B) (trichrome staining according to Goldner, green filter)1.2.2 Cancer multistep therapy (CMT) and oxygen multistep therapy (02MT),The central therapeutic mechanism in the CMTis the selective irreversible closure ofthe vesselsof the tumor growing in the body [22,23, 129).This new method, used by us clinically withsuccess for the first time in 1979, is fascinatingfor many reasons because:1. due to the vascular obstruction, a segregationof the cancer tissue from the circulationof the organism occurs; thus the toxic strainon the circulation due to the sudden inundationby tumor degradation products iseliminated and at the same time the dangerof internal bleeding is reduced.2. the direct therapy target is not only formedby the cancer cells with their enormousvariation in cell kinetic parameters, but additionallyand mainly by the blood andvessel wall cells with their greater uniformity.3. there exists justified hope that a universaltherapy principle will be achieved, with individualarrangements in terms of tumorhistology, vessel architecture, host tissue,stage and localization of the tumor, as allsolid tumors are nourished via the bloodve els and must perish when these vesselsare ob tructed.It i understandable that our ideas about thechani m of capillary/post-capillary va cularCMT research. Figure 7S gives a summary ofthe new ideas developed in close co-operationwith P.G. Reitnauer. We know today that boththe formation of pores and the aggregation ofred cells are favored by pH reduction. Comparedwith the course of the same mechanismin myocardiac infarction or inflammation [30]for example, the difference in CMT lies in thefact that the adjuvant step of local hyperthermiaof 42-43 °c is necessary for the triggeringof hemostasis, and to enable the contributionof endothelial swelling and red cell aggregationto become fully effective. This is obviousl aspecific characteristic of the cancer tissue capillaries(known to be previously dilated).In our research to optimize the selective as ular occlusion, many series of experiments recarried out, partly also on the basis of SURgestions kindly given to us by numerou colleaguesNone of these efforts met with radical uOne idea presented it elf at the beginn'1982 from the 02MT re arch ith hcovery of the bioenergetically c ntr 11 d ceUllllarwall switching me hani m and fr m .micro copic inv tigation: th 1concrete mea ure to increa th procclu ion th id of interruptition for a time at the start of thregional hyperth rmia pluu
_-----~-------..,..... ....-.....-n-QrlO;Jl;;ill,._~rlUl~rOTTIT'lTTTonJOTra:nrr"CaDTfJaTV1:ranrTalJe--Icapillaryyenule"/b ~rc and. 'I' I'" " ttll (.AIl ,JWI ". ,welting 0 tile endothelial ,rcriUCeu.0l-deflClencydiametrrextravasation of fluid. I{"reasing with time (pore formation)pH" 7. Ithyperthermiadeformationzone_ erythrocyte ~ stiffening zonesluggish flowerythrocyte aggregationpH-reduction increased tendency to words aggregationpHS 6.7increase in apparent blood viscosity.i,,:reased hemostasisleucocyte----- irerersiie helflJStosisFig. 75 Schematically presented ideas about the triggering of the mechanism of blood microcirculation inhibitionin longer-lasting strong tissue owracidification (and hyperthermia). Examples: myocardiac infarct, inflammation,gangrene. Manipulated selectiw hemostasis in cancer multistep therapy (CMT) with two~tep regional hyperthermia(selectotherm process)the endothelial swelling discussed in detail [127,128, 134]; there also resulted the instructiontemporarily to increase the blood glucose concentrationas much as possible (to eight times itsnormal level) in order to optimize the selectivepH reduction in the cancer tissue. Along thesame lines lay the measure of the temporaryblood flow strapping [124], inasmuch as accessto the arterial arm of the tumor concerned waspossible. Other measures have recently beenadded in order to stimulate the selective extravasationof fluids, and the red cell aggregationin the vascular network of the tumor, correspondingto the ideas in Fig. 7S [130].The measurement of red cell aggregation was pioneeredby H. Schmid-Schonbein [131], Chmiel[132] an,d Reitnauer (influence of pH) [133].The other condition for the selective triggeringof the vascular obstruction in the cancer tissueis that, for 100-200 min, a local temperatureof around 42.5 °c is attained in the tumor, buteven better than this, in the region of the bodywhere cancer tissue is suspected (combat ofmetastases). In order to fulfil this condition inthe human organism, the CMT Selectothe.rmprocedure was devised, in which for the fusttime a very homogeneous energy supply to aI rge volume of tissue is achieved b~ means ofcanning movement of the apph~at~r, fedy a hort-wave transmitter.. The prmclple of. procedure stems from Fig. 76 [135-139].. . i Ie 0 two-step hyperthermia, already suggested in 1965[2]. According to this principle, the first stepattains a whole body temperature of, e.g.41 °c, and the second step adds to this furthertemperature increase of 1.5-2.0°c for the partof the body where cancer is suspected, bymeans of regional hyperthermia.Thanks to this two-step principle, the necessarytemperature span of the regional hyperthermiaand of the temperature gradient is greatlyreduced in a vertical direction to the body surface,and hence the danger of thermal damageto normal tissue near the skin is considerablyreduced.In order to save the expensive high-frequencyenergy which had until now been used to increasethe body temperature to, e.g. 41 °c aSelectotherm variant was created with whi hthe whole-body heating of the patient oc ursby infrared A radiation in accordan e withFig. 77 (also suitable for variable bod etions).Figure 78 show a schematic pr entati n f thCMT Selectotherm equipment of the 3rd g neration. This equipment make p iblcontrol of the appli ator 'orbit ith throbot sy tern (Fig. 79) th adju tm nt f thdesired canning and th r b th adaptation ofthe regional energy suppl to th indi idualtreatmen tease.By m an of thd v 10 m nt of n
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