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Dissertation - Michael Becker

Dissertation - Michael Becker

Dissertation - Michael Becker

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3.6 Discussion and analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1313.6.1 The role of Universal Grammar in learning alternations . . . . . . . . . . . 1323.6.2 Stem changes and allomorph selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1343.6.3 The limited role of phonotactics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363.6.4 Learning alternations without Universal Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383.6.5 The role of the grammar of real Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403.6.6 Source-oriented generalizations? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424. LEXICAL TRENDS AS OPTIMALITY THEORETIC GRAMMARS . . . . . . 1454.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454.2 Choosing the constraint to clone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454.2.1 Minimal conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1464.2.2 Two independent conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1494.2.3 Overlapping conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.2.4 Interim summary: Choosing the least populated column . . . . . . . . . . 1534.2.5 General-specific relations between trends; masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1554.2.6 Remaining questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1594.3 The cloning algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1614.3.1 Background: RCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1624.3.2 Cloning RCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1654.3.3 The domain of cloned constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1694.3.4 Applying a grammar with cloned constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1754.3.5 Searching for the UR of affixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1774.3.6 Supplying losers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1854.3.7 Exceptionality and variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1884.4 Moving hidden structure into the grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914.4.1 Hidden structure in the grammar: Turkish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1924.4.2 Hidden structure in affixes: Korean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1964.4.3 Interim summary: Generalizing across affixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2044.4.4 Hidden structure in roots: English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2064.4.5 The naturalness of lexical trends: Dutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2084.5 Cloning and the typology of lexical trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2114.5.1 Contrast neutralization and creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2114.5.2 Competing repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2134.5.3 Exceptional emergence of the unmarked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214xii

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