Dissertation - Michael Becker

markedness constraints into t-final and Ù -final nouns. Of course, the full grammar alsolists p-final nouns under *VpV, and those k-final nouns that show a voicing alternation arelisted under *VkV (for more on k-final nouns, see §2.4.6). The nouns that were assessedneither W’s nor L’s by IDENT(voice) σ1 , which are therefore poly-syllabic, are listed byclones of the general IDENT(voice). These again are listed by the markedness constraintthat IDENT(voice) conflicts with, correctly separating the poly-syllabic nouns according tothe place of articulation of their final stop.This grammar allows the speaker to learn the proportion of alternating nouns in eachsize and place combination, with these combinations made available by listing lexical itemswith pairs of constraints.2.4.5 The complex coda effectAs discussed in §2.2 and §2.3, stop-final CVC nouns have a lower proportion ofalternators relative to CVCC nouns. The complexity of the coda does not have the sameeffect in all places of articulation, e.g. CVCC nouns have a proportion of alternators that’ssimilar to the proportion of alternators among the poly-syllables when p-final and Ù -finalnouns are considered, but k-final CVCC nouns pattern with the mono-syllabic k-finalnouns, which have a low proportion of alternators.Of the 354 stop-final nouns in TELL that have a complex coda, 244 have a sonorantbefore the final stop, and 39% of those 244 nouns alternate. Of the 110 nouns that havean obstruent before their final stop, only 3% alternate. Since only sonorants lead to a nonnegligibleproportion of alternators, only sonorants were used in the experiment in §2.3,and hence only nouns with a sonorant before their final stop will be considered below.The alternation of nouns with simple codas was attributed in §2.4.2 to a family ofmarkedness constraints that penalize intervocalic voiceless stops: *VpV, *VtV, *VÙV,and *VkV. Similarly, the alternations of nouns with complex codas is attributed here tomarkedness constraints that penalize voiceless stops between a sonorant consonant and a59