The Effect Of Using Concept Map s On Achieving English Grammar ...

probability analysis showed that the pilot experiment was not significant.The qualitative result revealed that the main reason th at students did not doas well on the spatial text test was because they did not thoroughlyunderstand the STW symbols used in the pilot experiment. Due to the lackof an experimental budget; the pilot experiment couldn’t test all STWsymbols, and the students didn’t receive enough training to understandSTW sufficiently.Novak ( 2005 )This research describes the methods and outcomes of a 12 -yearlongitudinal study into the effects of an early intervention program, whilereflecting back on changes t hat have occurred in approaches to research,learning and instruction since the preliminary inception stages of the studyin the mid 1960s. The study began to challenge the prevailing consensus atthe time that primary school children were either preoperat ional or concreteoperational in their cognitive development and they could not learn abstractconcepts. The research based on Ausubelian theory, suggested otherwise.The paper describes the development and implementation of a Grade 1 –2audio tutorial science instructional sequence, and the subsequent tracingover 12 years, of the children’s conceptual understandings in sciencecompared to a matched control group. During the study the concept mapwas developed as a new tool to trace children’s conceptual de velopment.90