The Effect Of Using Concept Map s On Achieving English Grammar ...

scoresand state criterion-referenced and national norm -referencedstandardized tests were indicators of high concurrent validity. Theapproach to concept map scoring in the study represents a distinct departurefrom traditional methods that focus on characterist ics such as hierarchy andbranching. A large body of research has demonstrated the utility of suchmethods in the assessment of higher -level learning outcomes. The results ofthe study suggest that a concept map might be used in assessing declarativeand procedural knowledge, both of which have a place in the scienceclassroom. One important implication of these results is that sciencecurriculum and its corresponding assessment need not be dichotomized intoknowledge/comprehension versus higher -order outcomes.Snead and Young ( 2003 )This study reports on the results of a nine -week investigation thatexamined the effectiveness of concept mapping on science achievement of182 African American middle grade science students distributed into eightintact earth science classes (by ability levels). Ability level was examinedas a covariate on student achievement. For this sample of students, analysesof covariance indicated no significant overall effects of treatment onscience achievement. A statistically significant effect was found betweenconcept mapping and student achievement among the average studentsmeasured by combined performance assessment items. The results suggest74