The Effect Of Using Concept Map s On Achieving English Grammar ...

Purpura mentioned three competences that people need incommunication .1. Sociolinguistic competence : - It means the using of the languagefunctionally within the social context ( Hamdan :1991 ; 6 )2. Strategic competence :-which refers to the ways that we use to get ourmeaning across (e.g. body language ) ( Woods :1995 ; 26 ) .Hamdan (1991 : 6 ) sees that strategic competence refers to verbal ornon verbal strategies used to enhance communication .3. Discourse competence : it refers to the strategies of constructing andinterpreting the text ( Woods :1995 ;26 )3.6 Types of grammar :There are two types of grammar ;descriptive and prescriptive grammar1- Descriptive grammar:All the speakers of the language ha ve a mental grammar that is a formof internal knowledge , this knowledge operates natural ly without learning .There may be some differences between the speakers ′knowledge ofgrammar , but in fact there is a shared knowledge between them which willhelp them to communicate and understand each other (Yule :1996;87 ) .(Fromkin and Rodman : 1993 ; 13 ) . So it can be said that descriptivegrammar doesn't mean the way that the speakers should speak the language, but it describes the basic linguistic knowledge . Eyres ( 200 0 : 6 )34