Full set of Notes with Fill-Ins - San Jose State University

Chem. 155 Unit 4 Page 98 of 3161.1.51 Common lasers categorized by lasing medium.1. Solid Red - Near Infrared1.1. Lanthanide-and transition metal ion lasers1.1.1. Nd-YAG – Neodymium ions in a crystal called a ‘garnet’made of yttrium oxide and aluminum oxide. Otherlanthanide ions are substituted for other wavelengths in thenear IR1.1.2. Ho-ZBLA – Holmium (Ho +3 ) doped glasses made fromZrF 3 , BaF 3 , La F 3 , Al F 3 can be fabricated into optical fibersthat lase and can amplify optical signals of certainwavelengths1.2. Semiconductor Lasers –1.2.1. Silicon,1.2.2. gallium arsenide and other light-emitting diodes can bemade to lase when many electrons are promoted to excitedstates within microfabricated cavities in the semiconductorcrystalBlue (very new) – Near Infrared2. Liquid dye-lasers (blue-red) are made from solutions of manydifferent fluorescent dye molecules. The dye molecules havemultiple excited-states that can be induced to lase usually bypumping with other lasers3. Gas-Phase lasers (UV-near infrared) are very common, andtypically pumped by electrical discharge. Examples include:3.1. He-Ne lasers (633 nm)3.2. Ar-ion, Kr-ion (514, 488, 325 nm)3.3. N 2 (337 nm)3.4. CO 2 (10,600nm and many other IR wavelengths)3.5. XeF (351) and KrF (248) and ArF (193) excimer lasers.Page 98 of 316