The Alaska Vegetation Classification - Alaska Geobotany Center ...

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IAuthorsL.A. VIERECK is a principal plant ecologist, C.T. DYRNESS was a research soilscientist (now retired), and K.J. WENZLICK was a secretary (currently is an editorialassistant, Research Information Services, Portland, Oregon 97208), Instituteof Northern Forestty, 308 Tanana Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5500; andA.R. BATTEN is research associate at University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks,Alaska 99775-1200.
AbstractViereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T.; Batten, A.R.; Wenzlick, K.J. 1992. The Alaskavegetation classification. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-286. Portland, OR: U.S.Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station278 p.The Alaska vegetation classification presented here is a comprehensive, statewidesystem that has been under development since 1976. The classification is based,as much as possible, on the characteristics of the vegetation itself and is designedto categorize existing vegetation, not potential vegetation. A hierarchical system withfive levels of resolution is used for classifying Alaska vegetation. The system, anagglomerative one, starts with 888 known Alaska plant communities, which arelisted and referenced. At the broadest level of resolution, the system contains threeformations-forest, scrub, and herbaceous vegetation. In addition to the classification,this report contains a key to levels I, 11, and 111; complete descriptions of all level IVunits; and a glossary of terms used.Keywords: Vegetation, classification, Alaska, tundra, boreal forest, coastal forest,plant communities.
Page 1: ~~ ~rForest ServicePacific Northwes
Page 5 and 6: IntroductionThe first draft of this
Page 7 and 8: General Descriptionof theClassifica
Page 9 and 10: Northwest’. Tenltoryf-Figure I-Ma
Page 11 and 12: Arctic AlaskaInterior AlaskaAn exte
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2-Vegetation type map of Ala
Page 15 and 16: Table 1-Alaska vegetation classific
Page 17 and 18: II. Scrub8a. Vegetation with at lea
Page 19: mn15
Page 25: FQ221
Page 29: n aa25
Page 39: mP35
Page 48: .I44
Page 59 and 60:
Descriptions ofLevel I, II, 111,and
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Communities-Picea sifchensis/Oplopa
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LA. 1.d. Closed Western Hemlock-Sit
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Figure 6-Closed needleleaf forest o
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Distrlbutlon and site characteristi
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Communities-Picea glaucahathermosse
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LA. 1.1. Closed Black Spruce-White
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A lower well-developed shrub layer
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A layer of herbs and ferns provides
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Figure lS0pen needleleaf forest ofw
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Figure 1 64pen needleleaf forest of
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1.A.2.h. Open Black Spruce-Tamarack
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A.3.b. Siika Spruce WoodlandDescrlp
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and others 1988). Picea glaucdAlnus
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A well-developed tall shrub layer,
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Figure 24-Closed broadleaf forest o
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Occasionally, small stands of balsa
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Mature birch can survive low-intens
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Distribution and Site characteristl
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Distributlon and site characteristi
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Figure 314pen broadleaf forest ofba
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I.B.3.b. Balsam Poplar WoodlandDesc
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stands reach 120 years of age. A ta
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1.c.7.d. Closed Quaking Aspen-Spruc
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Figure 35-Closed mixed forest 01 ba
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I.C.2.b. Open Quaking Aspen-Spruce
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Closed subalp
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ll.A.3.a. Black Spruce Dwarf Tree W
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Figure 38-Closed tall willow shrub
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hummocky substrate and usually are
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Figure 41-Open tall willow shrub of
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ll.B.2.c. Open Tall Shrub Birch Shr
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Page 129 and 130:
Figure 44-Closed low willow shrub o
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Communities-Betula nana-Salixplanif
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Page 135 and 136:
Successlonal status-Many of these c
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Primary referencecHanson 1951; Pega
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generally also have an abundance of
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Successional status-Communities on
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Communitles-Salix glauca/Arcfosfaph
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Primary references-Hogan and Tande
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Page 149 and 150:
Closely related types-Sagebrush-gra
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Figure 52-Oryas dwarf shrub tundraw
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ugosum (Hettinger and Janz 1974). D
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Oxyfropis nigrescens, Hierochlog al
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Closely related types-Vaccinium dwa
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ll.D.2.d. Mountain-Heath Dwarf Shru
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1984). Cassiope mertensiana-C. stel
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Figure SB--Dry graminoid herbaceous
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' , , .MA. 1.b. Dry FescueFigure 54
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Figure 60-Midgrass-shrub stand of t
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(Crow 1977b, Ritchie and others 198
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Successional status-In southwestern
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Primary reference-Hjeljord 1971.Com
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Closely related types-Sedge-birch t
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Figure 64-We1 sedge meadow tundraof
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Closely related types-Wet sedge mea
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Figure €.&Subarcticlowland sedge
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Closely related types-Halophytic gr
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Koppen 1977; del Moral and Watson 1
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Closely related types-These communi
Page 195 and 196:
The sites themselves are covered wi
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 70-A mesic forb herbaceous c
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Closely related types-These communi
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Closely related types-Herb wet mead
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Closely related types-Halophytic he
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III.C.1.6. Dly BryophyteFigure ? L
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lll.C.2.b. Foliose and Fruticose Li
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lll.D.I.b. Common MarestailFigure 7
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Photographs-Figure 79, this publica
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Communlties-Su~ularia aquafica-Call
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Figure 80(len)-A marine aquatic eel
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ReferencesWhile preparing the Alask
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Anderson, J.H. 1972. Phytocenology
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Brock, Steven; Burke, Ingrid. 1980.
Page 223 and 224:
Crow, John Huber. 1968. Plant ecolo
Page 225 and 226:
Fries, Janet A. 1977. The vascular
Page 227 and 228:
Holowaychuk, N.; Smeck, Neil E. 197
Page 229 and 230:
Kessler, Wlnlfred B. 1979. Bird pop
Page 231 and 232:
Martin, Jon R.; Brady, Ward W.; Dow
Page 233 and 234:
Neiland, Bonita J. 1971b. Survey of
Page 235 and 236:
Raclne, Charles H.; Anderson, J.H.
Page 237 and 238:
Selkregg, Lidla L. 1975a. Alaska re
Page 239 and 240:
Stevens, M.E. 1965. Relation of veg
Page 241 and 242:
Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A. 1981.
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Walker, D.A.; Lederer, N.P. 1983. V
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Wiggins, Ira L. 1951. The distribut
Page 247 and 248:
Table %Listof scientific and common
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Table &--List of scientific and com
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Table 3-Lis.t of scientific and com
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Table >Listof scientific and common
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Table %Listof scientific and common
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~~~ ~Table %Listof Scientific and c
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Assoclatlon, plant-A stand or group
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Bryold-(1) A moss, liverwort, or ho
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Ctyaquepts-Gray or olive soils with
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Edaphic-(adj.) Pertaining to the so
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Foliage cover-See cover.Foot slope-
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Herbaceous4n the Alaska vegetation
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Marsh-(1) A periodically wet or con
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Old-growth stand-Not synonymous wit
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Pioneer-Plant capable of invading b
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Sere-A sequence of plant communitie
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Submerged aquatic plant-Plant adapt
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~ y p + kind ~ of vegetation; for e
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Viereck, L.A.; Dymess, C.T.; Batten
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