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Yarle, John. 1983. Forest community classification of the Porcupine River drainage, interiorAlaska, and its application to forest management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-154. Portland.OR: US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and RangeExperiment Station. 68 p.Young, S.B.; Raclne, C.H. 1977. Vegetational and floristic analysis and discussion of thequaternary environment of the Kobuk Valley. Wolwtt, VT: Center for Northern Studies.47 p.Young, S.B.; Raclne, C.H. 1978. Ecosystems of the proposed Katmai western extension,Bristol Bay lowlands, Alaska. Final Rep. Contributions from the Center for Northern Studies15. Wolcott. VT: Center for Norlhern Studies. 94 p.Young, Steven E. 1971. The vascular flora of St. Lawrence Island with special referewe tofloristic zonation in the arctic regions. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of HarvardUniversity. 201: 115 p.Young, Steven E. 1974a. Floristics of the Noatak River drainage. In: Young, S.B., ed. Theenvironment of the Noatak river basin, Alaska: results of the Center for Northern Studiesbiological survey of the Noatak River Valley, 1973. Contributions from the Center forNorthern Studies 1. Wolcott, VT: The Center for Northern Studies: 354459.Young, Steven E. 1974b. Vegetation of the Noatak River Valley, Alaska. In: Young, S.B.,ed. The environment of the Noatak river basin, Alaska: results of the Center for NorthernStudies biological survey of the Noatak River Valley, 1973. Contributions from the Centerfor Northern Studies 1. Wolwtt, VT: The Center for Northern Studies: 58-84.Young, Steven B.1976a. An annotated checklist of the vascular flora of the Yukon-Charleystudy area. In: Young, Steven 6.. ed. The environment of the Yukon-Charley Rivers areaAlaska: results of the Center for Northern Studies biological survey of the Yukon-CharleyRivers area 1974-5. Contributions from the Center for Northern Studies 9. Wolcott, VT:Center for Northern Studies: 59-96.Young, Steven B. 1976b. Floristic investigations in the '"arctic-steppe" biome. In: Young,Steven 6.. ed. The environment of the Yukon-Charley Rivers area Alaska: results of theCenter for Northern Studies biological survey of the Yukon-Charley Rivers area 1974-5.Contributions from the Center for Northern Studies 9. Wolcott, VT: Center for NorthernStudies: 124-145.Young, Steven 6.; Raclne, Charles H. 1976. General vegetation studies. In: Young, StevenB., ed. The environment of the Yukon-Charley Rivers area Alaska: results of the Center forNorthern Studies biological survey of the Yukon-Charley Rivers area 1974-5. Contributionsfrom the Center for Northern Studies 9. Wolcott, VT: Center for Northern Studies: 40-58.
Table %Listof scientific and common names used In the textScientific namesTrees?Abies amabilis (Dougl.) ForbesAbies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nun.Alnus rubra Bong.Betula papyrifera Marsh. var. humilis (Reg.)Fern. 8 RaupChamaecyparis nootkafensis (D. Don) SpachLarixlaricina (Du Roi) K. KochPicea glauca (Moench) VossPicea nlariana (Mill.) B.S.P.Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.Pinus mnlorta Dougl.Populus balsamifera L.Populus tremuloides Michx.Populus trichocarpa Torr. & GrayTaxus brevifolia Nutt.Thuja plicafa DonnTsuga heterophylla (Ral.) Sarg.Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.Shrub and subshrubs:aAlnus crispa (Ail.) PurshAlnus sinuafa (Reg.) Rydb.Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.Andromeda polifolia L.Arctost.sphylos alpina (L.) Spreng.Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehd.& Wilson) Fern.Arctostaphylos uva-ursi(L.) Spreng.Artemisia alaskana Rydb.Artemisia frigida Willd.Betula glandulosa Michx.Betula nana L.Cassiope lycopodioides (Pall.) D. DonCassiope mertensiana (Bong.) D. DonCassiope sfelleriana (Pall.) DC.Cassiope tefragona (L.) D. DonChamaedaphne calyculata (L.) MoenchCladothamnuspyrolaeflorus Bong.Cornus stolonifera Michx.Diapen:jia lapponica L.Dryas drummondii Richards.Dryas integrifolia VahlDryas octopetala L.Elaeagnus cummutata Bernh.Empetrum nigrum L.Gaultheria shallon PurshKalmia ,oolifolia Wang.Ledum decumbens (nit.) Small (= Ledumpalustre L. ssp. decumbens (nit.) Hull.)Common namePacific silver firSubalpine firRed alderAlaska paper birchAlaska-cedarTamarack, larchWhite spruceBlack spruceSitka spruceLodgepole pineBalsam poplarQuaking aspenBlack cottonwoodPacific yewWestern redcedarWestern hemlockMountain hemlockAmerican green alderSitka alderThinleal alderBog-rosemaryAlpine bearberryRed-fruit bearberryBearberry, kinnikinnikAlaska sagebrushFringed sagebrushResin birch, bog birchDwarf arCtic birchAlaska cassiopeMertens cassiopeStarry cassiopeFour-angled cassiopeLeatherleafCopperbushRed-osier dogwoodDiapensiaDrummond mountain-avensEntire-leaf mountain-avensWhite mountain-avensSilverberryCrowberrySalalBog kalmiaNarrow-leaf Labrador-teaFootnote (on page 253.243
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~~ ~rForest ServicePacific Northwes
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AbstractViereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T
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IntroductionThe first draft of this
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General Descriptionof theClassifica
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Northwest’. Tenltoryf-Figure I-Ma
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Arctic AlaskaInterior AlaskaAn exte
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Figure 2-Vegetation type map of Ala
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Table 1-Alaska vegetation classific
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II. Scrub8a. Vegetation with at lea
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mn15
Page 25:
FQ221
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n aa25
Page 39:
mP35
Page 48:
.I44
Page 59 and 60:
Descriptions ofLevel I, II, 111,and
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Communities-Picea sifchensis/Oplopa
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LA. 1.d. Closed Western Hemlock-Sit
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Figure 6-Closed needleleaf forest o
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Distrlbutlon and site characteristi
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Communities-Picea glaucahathermosse
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LA. 1.1. Closed Black Spruce-White
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A lower well-developed shrub layer
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A layer of herbs and ferns provides
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Figure lS0pen needleleaf forest ofw
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Figure 1 64pen needleleaf forest of
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1.A.2.h. Open Black Spruce-Tamarack
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A.3.b. Siika Spruce WoodlandDescrlp
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and others 1988). Picea glaucdAlnus
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A well-developed tall shrub layer,
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Figure 24-Closed broadleaf forest o
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Occasionally, small stands of balsa
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Mature birch can survive low-intens
Page 95 and 96:
Distribution and Site characteristl
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Distributlon and site characteristi
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Figure 314pen broadleaf forest ofba
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I.B.3.b. Balsam Poplar WoodlandDesc
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stands reach 120 years of age. A ta
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1.c.7.d. Closed Quaking Aspen-Spruc
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Figure 35-Closed mixed forest 01 ba
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I.C.2.b. Open Quaking Aspen-Spruce
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Closed subalp
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ll.A.3.a. Black Spruce Dwarf Tree W
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Figure 38-Closed tall willow shrub
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hummocky substrate and usually are
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Figure 41-Open tall willow shrub of
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ll.B.2.c. Open Tall Shrub Birch Shr
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Page 129 and 130:
Figure 44-Closed low willow shrub o
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Communities-Betula nana-Salixplanif
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Successlonal status-Many of these c
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Primary referencecHanson 1951; Pega
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generally also have an abundance of
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Successional status-Communities on
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Communitles-Salix glauca/Arcfosfaph
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Primary references-Hogan and Tande
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Closely related types-Sagebrush-gra
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Figure 52-Oryas dwarf shrub tundraw
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ugosum (Hettinger and Janz 1974). D
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Oxyfropis nigrescens, Hierochlog al
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Closely related types-Vaccinium dwa
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ll.D.2.d. Mountain-Heath Dwarf Shru
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1984). Cassiope mertensiana-C. stel
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Figure SB--Dry graminoid herbaceous
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' , , .MA. 1.b. Dry FescueFigure 54
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Figure 60-Midgrass-shrub stand of t
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(Crow 1977b, Ritchie and others 198
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Successional status-In southwestern
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Primary reference-Hjeljord 1971.Com
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Closely related types-Sedge-birch t
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Figure 64-We1 sedge meadow tundraof
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Page 185 and 186:
Closely related types-Wet sedge mea
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Figure €.&Subarcticlowland sedge
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Closely related types-Halophytic gr
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Koppen 1977; del Moral and Watson 1
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Closely related types-These communi
Page 195 and 196: The sites themselves are covered wi
Page 197 and 198: Figure 70-A mesic forb herbaceous c
Page 199 and 200: Closely related types-These communi
Page 201 and 202: Closely related types-Herb wet mead
Page 203 and 204: Closely related types-Halophytic he
Page 205 and 206: III.C.1.6. Dly BryophyteFigure ? L
Page 207 and 208: lll.C.2.b. Foliose and Fruticose Li
Page 209 and 210: lll.D.I.b. Common MarestailFigure 7
Page 211 and 212: Photographs-Figure 79, this publica
Page 213 and 214: Communlties-Su~ularia aquafica-Call
Page 215 and 216: Figure 80(len)-A marine aquatic eel
Page 217 and 218: ReferencesWhile preparing the Alask
Page 219 and 220: Anderson, J.H. 1972. Phytocenology
Page 221 and 222: Brock, Steven; Burke, Ingrid. 1980.
Page 223 and 224: Crow, John Huber. 1968. Plant ecolo
Page 225 and 226: Fries, Janet A. 1977. The vascular
Page 227 and 228: Holowaychuk, N.; Smeck, Neil E. 197
Page 229 and 230: Kessler, Wlnlfred B. 1979. Bird pop
Page 231 and 232: Martin, Jon R.; Brady, Ward W.; Dow
Page 233 and 234: Neiland, Bonita J. 1971b. Survey of
Page 235 and 236: Raclne, Charles H.; Anderson, J.H.
Page 237 and 238: Selkregg, Lidla L. 1975a. Alaska re
Page 239 and 240: Stevens, M.E. 1965. Relation of veg
Page 241 and 242: Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A. 1981.
Page 243 and 244: Walker, D.A.; Lederer, N.P. 1983. V
Page 245: Wiggins, Ira L. 1951. The distribut
Page 249 and 250: Table &--List of scientific and com
Page 251 and 252: Table 3-Lis.t of scientific and com
Page 253 and 254: Table >Listof scientific and common
Page 255 and 256: Table %Listof scientific and common
Page 257 and 258: ~~~ ~Table %Listof Scientific and c
Page 259 and 260: Assoclatlon, plant-A stand or group
Page 261 and 262: Bryold-(1) A moss, liverwort, or ho
Page 263 and 264: Ctyaquepts-Gray or olive soils with
Page 265 and 266: Edaphic-(adj.) Pertaining to the so
Page 267 and 268: Foliage cover-See cover.Foot slope-
Page 269 and 270: Herbaceous4n the Alaska vegetation
Page 271 and 272: Marsh-(1) A periodically wet or con
Page 273 and 274: Old-growth stand-Not synonymous wit
Page 275 and 276: Pioneer-Plant capable of invading b
Page 277 and 278: Sere-A sequence of plant communitie
Page 279 and 280: Submerged aquatic plant-Plant adapt
Page 281 and 282: ~ y p + kind ~ of vegetation; for e
Page 283 and 284: Viereck, L.A.; Dymess, C.T.; Batten
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