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Table %List of scientlfic and common names used in the text (continued)Scientific namesCampanula /asiocarpa Cham.Cardarnine hellidifolia L.Cardarnine ornbellata GreeneCarex L.Carex anfhoxanthea Pres1Carex aquatilis Wahlenb.Carex bigelowii Torr.Carex canescens L.Carex capillaris L.Carex chordorrhiza Ehrh.Carex circinnata C.A. Mey.Carex franklinii BoottCarex glacidis Mack.Carex glareosa Wahlenb.Carex kellqgii W. BoottCarex lachenalii SchkuhrCarex lasioiarpa Ehrh.Carex fimosa L.Carex livida (Wahlenb.) Wiild.Carex IyngbyaeiHornemCarex rnacKenziei Krecz.Carex rnacrochaeta C.A. Mey.Carex rnagellanica Lam.Carex men~branacea Hook.Carex rnicrxhaeta HolmCarex rnicmglochin Wahlenb.Carex rnisandra R. Br.Carex nardina E. FriesCarex nesophila HolmCarex nigncans C.A. Mey.Carexpauciflora Lightf.Carexplurlflora Hult.Carex podocarpa R.Br.Carex rarnenskiiKom.Carex rariflora (Wahlenb.) J.E. Sm.Carex rost'afa StokesCarex rotundafa Wahlenb.Carex rupesfris All.Carex sax.-ltilis L.Carex scirpoidea Michx.Carex sitchensis PrescottCarex subspathacea Wormsk.Carex supina Willd.Carex ursma Dew.Carex vaginata TauschCerastiurn aleuticurn Hult.Chrysanthemum arcticum L.Cicuta rnackenzieana RaupCircaea alpha L.Claytonia sarmentosa C.A. Mey.Claytonia sibirica L.Common nameBellflowerAlpine bittercressBittercressSedgeNo wmmon nameWater sedgeBigelow sedgeSilvery sedgeHair-like sedgeCreeping sedgeCoiled sedgeNo common nameGlacier sedgeWeak cluster sedgeKellogg sedgeArctic hare's-foot sedgeNo common nameShore sedgeLivid sedgeLyngbye sedgeMackenzie sedge<strong>Alaska</strong> long-awned sedgeBog sedgeFragile sedgeNo common nameFalse unciniaShort-leaved sedgeHepburn sedgeBering Sea sedgeBlackish sedgeFew-flowered sedgeMany-flowered sedgeShort-stalk sedgeRamenski sedgeLoose-flowered alpine sedgeBeaked sedgeRound-fruited sedgeRock sedgeNo wmmon nameNollhern single-spike sedgeSitka sedgeHoppner sedgeNo common nameNo common nameSheathed sedgeAleutian chickweedArctic daisyWater hemlockEnchanter's nightshadeSpring beautySiberian spring beauty246
Table 3-Lis.t of scientific and common names used In the text (continued)Scientific namesCochlearia officinalis L.Coptis aspleniifolia Salisb.Coptis frifolia (L.) Salisb.Cornus canadensis L.Crepis ,nana Richards.Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.Delphinium glaucum S.Wats.Deschampsia beringensis Hult.Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.Dodecatheon jeffreyivan HoutteDodecatheon pulchellum (Raf.) Merr.Draba aleutica EkmanDraba caesia AdamsDraba hyperborea (L.) Dew.Drosera anglica Huds.Drosera rotundifolia L.Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) GrayDuponlia fischeriR. Br.Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult.Elymus arenarius L.Elymus innovatus BealEpilobixn adenocaulon Haussk.Epilobium angustifolium L.Epilobium latifolium L.Equisetum arvense L.Equisetum fluviatile L. ampl. Ehrh.Equisetum palusfre L.Equisetum pratense Ehrh.Equisetum sylvaticum L.Equisetum variegatum Schleich.Erigercmperegrinus (Pursh) GreeneEriogo,wm flavum Nun.Erioph,xum angustifolium Honck.Eriophtmm brachyantherum Trautv. 8 Mey.Eriophorum russeolum E. FriesEriophorum scheuchzeri HoppeEriophorum vaginatum L.Fauria crista-gall; (Menzies) MakinoFestuca altaica Trin.Festuca brachyphylla Schult.Festuca rubra L.Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl.Galium boreale L.Galium trifidum L.Gentiana douglasiana Bong.Geocaulon lividum (Richards.) Fern.Geranium erianthum DC.Geum calthifoiium MenziesGeum glaciaie AdamsGeum rnacrophyiium Willd.Geum rossii(R. Br.) Ser.Common nameSCUNY grassGoldthreadGoldthreadBunchberry. dwarl dogwoodDwarl hawk's-beardFragile fernGlaucous larkspurBering hair-grassTufted hair-grassJeffrey shooting starPretty shooting starAleutian drabaNo mmmon nameNo mmmon nameLong-leaved sundewRound-leaved sundewSpinulose shield-fernTundra grass, dupontiaSpike rushDunegrassDowny ryegrassNorthern willow-herbFireweedDwarf fireweedMeadow horsetailSwamp horsetailMarsh horsetailMeadow horsetailWoodland horsetailVariegated scouring-rushCoastal fleabaneUmbrella plantTall conongrassNo mmmon nameRussett cottongrassWhite cottongrassTussockcottongrassDeer cabbageFescue grassSheep fescueRed fescueBlack lily, indian riceNorthern bedstrawSmall bedstrawSwamp gentianNorthern commandraNorthern geraniumCaltha-leafed avensGlacier avensLarge-leaved avensRoss avens247
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~~ ~rForest ServicePacific Northwes
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AbstractViereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T
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IntroductionThe first draft of this
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General Descriptionof theClassifica
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Northwest’. Tenltoryf-Figure I-Ma
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Arctic AlaskaInterior AlaskaAn exte
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Figure 2-Vegetation type map of Ala
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Table 1-Alaska vegetation classific
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II. Scrub8a. Vegetation with at lea
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mn15
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FQ221
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n aa25
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mP35
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.I44
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Descriptions ofLevel I, II, 111,and
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Communities-Picea sifchensis/Oplopa
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LA. 1.d. Closed Western Hemlock-Sit
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Figure 6-Closed needleleaf forest o
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Distrlbutlon and site characteristi
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Communities-Picea glaucahathermosse
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LA. 1.1. Closed Black Spruce-White
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A lower well-developed shrub layer
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A layer of herbs and ferns provides
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Figure lS0pen needleleaf forest ofw
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Figure 1 64pen needleleaf forest of
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1.A.2.h. Open Black Spruce-Tamarack
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A.3.b. Siika Spruce WoodlandDescrlp
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and others 1988). Picea glaucdAlnus
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A well-developed tall shrub layer,
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Figure 24-Closed broadleaf forest o
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Occasionally, small stands of balsa
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Mature birch can survive low-intens
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Distribution and Site characteristl
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Distributlon and site characteristi
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Figure 314pen broadleaf forest ofba
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I.B.3.b. Balsam Poplar WoodlandDesc
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stands reach 120 years of age. A ta
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1.c.7.d. Closed Quaking Aspen-Spruc
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Figure 35-Closed mixed forest 01 ba
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I.C.2.b. Open Quaking Aspen-Spruce
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Closed subalp
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ll.A.3.a. Black Spruce Dwarf Tree W
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Figure 38-Closed tall willow shrub
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hummocky substrate and usually are
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Figure 41-Open tall willow shrub of
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ll.B.2.c. Open Tall Shrub Birch Shr
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Figure 44-Closed low willow shrub o
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Communities-Betula nana-Salixplanif
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Successlonal status-Many of these c
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Primary referencecHanson 1951; Pega
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generally also have an abundance of
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Successional status-Communities on
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Communitles-Salix glauca/Arcfosfaph
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Primary references-Hogan and Tande
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Closely related types-Sagebrush-gra
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Figure 52-Oryas dwarf shrub tundraw
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ugosum (Hettinger and Janz 1974). D
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Oxyfropis nigrescens, Hierochlog al
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Closely related types-Vaccinium dwa
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ll.D.2.d. Mountain-Heath Dwarf Shru
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1984). Cassiope mertensiana-C. stel
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Figure SB--Dry graminoid herbaceous
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' , , .MA. 1.b. Dry FescueFigure 54
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Figure 60-Midgrass-shrub stand of t
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(Crow 1977b, Ritchie and others 198
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Successional status-In southwestern
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Primary reference-Hjeljord 1971.Com
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Closely related types-Sedge-birch t
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Figure 64-We1 sedge meadow tundraof
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Closely related types-Wet sedge mea
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Figure €.&Subarcticlowland sedge
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Closely related types-Halophytic gr
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Koppen 1977; del Moral and Watson 1
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Closely related types-These communi
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The sites themselves are covered wi
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Figure 70-A mesic forb herbaceous c
Page 199 and 200: Closely related types-These communi
Page 201 and 202: Closely related types-Herb wet mead
Page 203 and 204: Closely related types-Halophytic he
Page 205 and 206: III.C.1.6. Dly BryophyteFigure ? L
Page 207 and 208: lll.C.2.b. Foliose and Fruticose Li
Page 209 and 210: lll.D.I.b. Common MarestailFigure 7
Page 211 and 212: Photographs-Figure 79, this publica
Page 213 and 214: Communlties-Su~ularia aquafica-Call
Page 215 and 216: Figure 80(len)-A marine aquatic eel
Page 217 and 218: ReferencesWhile preparing the Alask
Page 219 and 220: Anderson, J.H. 1972. Phytocenology
Page 221 and 222: Brock, Steven; Burke, Ingrid. 1980.
Page 223 and 224: Crow, John Huber. 1968. Plant ecolo
Page 225 and 226: Fries, Janet A. 1977. The vascular
Page 227 and 228: Holowaychuk, N.; Smeck, Neil E. 197
Page 229 and 230: Kessler, Wlnlfred B. 1979. Bird pop
Page 231 and 232: Martin, Jon R.; Brady, Ward W.; Dow
Page 233 and 234: Neiland, Bonita J. 1971b. Survey of
Page 235 and 236: Raclne, Charles H.; Anderson, J.H.
Page 237 and 238: Selkregg, Lidla L. 1975a. Alaska re
Page 239 and 240: Stevens, M.E. 1965. Relation of veg
Page 241 and 242: Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A. 1981.
Page 243 and 244: Walker, D.A.; Lederer, N.P. 1983. V
Page 245 and 246: Wiggins, Ira L. 1951. The distribut
Page 247 and 248: Table %Listof scientific and common
Page 249: Table &--List of scientific and com
Page 253 and 254: Table >Listof scientific and common
Page 255 and 256: Table %Listof scientific and common
Page 257 and 258: ~~~ ~Table %Listof Scientific and c
Page 259 and 260: Assoclatlon, plant-A stand or group
Page 261 and 262: Bryold-(1) A moss, liverwort, or ho
Page 263 and 264: Ctyaquepts-Gray or olive soils with
Page 265 and 266: Edaphic-(adj.) Pertaining to the so
Page 267 and 268: Foliage cover-See cover.Foot slope-
Page 269 and 270: Herbaceous4n the Alaska vegetation
Page 271 and 272: Marsh-(1) A periodically wet or con
Page 273 and 274: Old-growth stand-Not synonymous wit
Page 275 and 276: Pioneer-Plant capable of invading b
Page 277 and 278: Sere-A sequence of plant communitie
Page 279 and 280: Submerged aquatic plant-Plant adapt
Page 281 and 282: ~ y p + kind ~ of vegetation; for e
Page 283 and 284: Viereck, L.A.; Dymess, C.T.; Batten
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