Taylor, R.F. 1934. Yield of second-growth western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeastern<strong>Alaska</strong>. Tech. Bull. 412. Washington, DC: US. Depa*ment of Agriculture. 30 p.Taylor, R.J. 1981. Shoreline vegetation of the arctic <strong>Alaska</strong> mast. Arctic. 34(1): 37-42.Thomas, John H. 1951. A collection of plants from Point Lay, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Contributions from theDudley Herbarium. 4(3): 53-56.Thomas, John H. 1957. <strong>The</strong> vascular flora of Middleton Island, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Contributions from theDudley Herbarium. 5(2): 39-56.Thompson, D.C. 1980. A classification of the vegetation of Boothia Peninsula and thenorthern district of Keewatin, N.W.T. Arctic. =(I): 73-99.Tieszen, Larry L., ed. 1978. <strong>Vegetation</strong> and production eoology of an <strong>Alaska</strong>n arctic tundra.Ecological Studies 29. New York: Springer-Verlag. 666 p.Ugollnl, F.C.; Mann, D.H. 1979. Biopedological origin of peatlands in southeast <strong>Alaska</strong>.Nature. 261: 366368.Ugolini, Florenzo C.; Walters, James C. 1974. Pedological survey of the Noatak River Basin.In: Young, S.B., ed. <strong>The</strong> environment of the Noatak River Basin, <strong>Alaska</strong>: results of the<strong>Center</strong> for Northern Studies biological survey of the Noatak River Valley, 1973. Contributionsfrom the <strong>Center</strong> for Northern Studies 1. Wolcott. VT: <strong>The</strong> <strong>Center</strong> for NorthernStudies: 86-156.United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization. 1973. Internationalclassification and mapping of vegetation. Ecology and conservation 6. Paris. 93 p.US. Army Engineer District, <strong>Alaska</strong>. 1979. Aleutian Islands and lower <strong>Alaska</strong> Peninsula,debris removal and cleanup, draft environmental impact statement. [Publisher locationunknown]: US. Army Corps of Engineers, <strong>Alaska</strong> District. 272 p.US. Department of Agriculture. 1986. Timber and vegetation resources of the Susitna RiverBasin-<strong>Alaska</strong>. 49 p. Unpublished office report. On file with: Institute of Northern Forestry,308 Tanana Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775.US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1975. West Chichagot-Yakobi Island DraftEnvironmental Statement. Juneau. AK. 109 p.U.S. Department of the Army, <strong>Alaska</strong> Distrlct, Corps of Engineers. 1978. Kenai Riverreview: final. Anchorage, AK. 334 p.US. Department of the Interlor. 1975. Proposed <strong>Alaska</strong> Peninsula National Wildlife Refuge<strong>Alaska</strong>. Final environmental impact statement. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisherunknown]. 339 p.U.S. Department of the Interior. 1980. A proposal: <strong>Alaska</strong> Peninsula National Wildlife RefugeDraft Environmental Impact Statement. Washington, DC: US. Fish and Wildlife Service:1-1 7 [plus maps and appendixes].US. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, <strong>Alaska</strong> PlanningGroup. 1973. Proposal, lliamna National Resource Range <strong>Alaska</strong>. [Place of publicationunknown]. 195 p.Valkenburg, Patrick. 1976. A study of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the proposednortheastern addition to Mount McKinley National Park. Fairbanks, AK: University of<strong>Alaska</strong>. 88 p. MS. thesis.Van Cleve, K.; Chapin, F.S., 111.; Flanagan, P. [and others]. 1986. Forest ecosystems inthe <strong>Alaska</strong> taiga: a synthesis of structure and function. New York: Springer-Verlag. 230 p.
Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A. 1981. Forest succession in relation to nutrient cycling in theboreal forest of <strong>Alaska</strong>. In: West, D.; Shugart, H.; Botkin, D., eds. Forest succession:concepts and applications. New York: Springer Advanced Texts in Life Sciences: 185-21 1.Van Cleve, Keith; Dyrness, Ted; Viereck, Les. 1980. Nutrient cycling in interior <strong>Alaska</strong> floodplains and its relationship to regeneration and subsequent forest development. In: Murray,Mayo; Van Veldhuizen, Robert M., eds. Forest regeneration at high latitudes: Proceedingsof an international workshop; 1979 November 15-16; Fairbanks, AK. Gen. Tech. Rep.PNW-107. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific NorthwestForest and Range Experiment Station: 11-18,Van Cleve, Keith; Viereck, Leslie A.; Schlentner, Robert L. 1971. Accumulation ofnitrogen on alder (Ahus) ecosystems near Fairbanks, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Arctic and AlpineResearch. 3(2): 101-1 14.Venard, James W.; Hays, H.E. 1980. Area planning and development: forest resourceassessment, Nana Corporation. Juneau, AK: US. Department of Agriculture, ForestService, State and Private Forestry, <strong>Alaska</strong> Region. 29 p.Ver Hoef, Jay M. 1985. <strong>Vegetation</strong> patterns of two areas in southeast <strong>Alaska</strong>'s forests.Fairbanks, AK: University of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 136 p. M.S. thesis.Ver Hoef, Jay M.; Neiland, Bonita J.; Glenn-Lewin, David C. 1988. <strong>Vegetation</strong> gradientanalysis of two sites in southeast <strong>Alaska</strong>. Northwest Science. 63(4): 171-180.Viereck, L.A. 1962. Range survey: sheep and goat investigations. [Place of publicationunknown]: [Publisher unknown]; completion report, W-6-R-3. <strong>Alaska</strong> work plan E, Job 2-a.21 p.Viereck, L.A. 1963. Sheep investigations: survey of range ecology. Juneau, AK: <strong>Alaska</strong>Department of Fish and Game; project W-6-R-4, work plan E, Job 2-A. [Not paged].Viereck, L.A. 1965. Relationship of white spruce to lenses of perennially frozen ground,Mount McKinley National Park, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Arctic. 18(4): 262-267.Viereck, L.A. 1983. <strong>The</strong> effects of fire in black spruce ecosystems of <strong>Alaska</strong> and northernCanada. In: Wein. Ross W.; MacLean, David A., eds. <strong>The</strong> role of fire in northerncircumpolar ecosystems. New York: John Wiley 8 Sons Ltd.: 201.220, Chapter 11.Viereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T.; Batten, A.R. 1981. Revision of preliminary classificationsystem for vegetation of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 64 p. Unpublished. On file with: Institute of NorthernForestry, 308 Tanana Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775.Viereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T.; Batten, A.R. 1982. Revision of preliminary classification forvegetation of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 72 p. Unpublished. On file with: Institute of Northern Forestry,308 Tanana Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775.Viereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T.; Batten, A.R. 1986. <strong>The</strong> 1986 revision of the <strong>Alaska</strong> vegetationclassification. 112 p. [plus bibliography]. Unpublished. On file with: Institute of NorthernForestry, 308 Tanana Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775.Viereck, L.A.; Van Cleve, K.; Dyrness, C.T. 1986. Forest ecosystem distribution in the taigaenvironment. In: Van Cleve, K.; Chapin, F.S.. 111; Flanagan, P.W. [and others], eds. Forestecosystems in the <strong>Alaska</strong>n taiga: a synthesis of structure and function. New York: SpringerVeriag: 22-43. Chapter 3.Viereck, Leslie A. 1966. Plant succession and soil development on gravel outwash of theMuldrow Glacier, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Ecological Monographs. 36(3): 181.199.Viereck, Leslie A. 1970a. Forest succession and soil development adjacent to the ChenaRiver in interior <strong>Alaska</strong>. Arctic and Alpine Research. 2(1): 1-26.237
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~~ ~rForest ServicePacific Northwes
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AbstractViereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T
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IntroductionThe first draft of this
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General Descriptionof theClassifica
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Northwest’. Tenltoryf-Figure I-Ma
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Arctic AlaskaInterior AlaskaAn exte
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Figure 2-Vegetation type map of Ala
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Table 1-Alaska vegetation classific
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II. Scrub8a. Vegetation with at lea
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mn15
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FQ221
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n aa25
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mP35
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.I44
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Descriptions ofLevel I, II, 111,and
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Communities-Picea sifchensis/Oplopa
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LA. 1.d. Closed Western Hemlock-Sit
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Figure 6-Closed needleleaf forest o
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Distrlbutlon and site characteristi
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Communities-Picea glaucahathermosse
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LA. 1.1. Closed Black Spruce-White
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A lower well-developed shrub layer
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A layer of herbs and ferns provides
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Figure lS0pen needleleaf forest ofw
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Figure 1 64pen needleleaf forest of
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1.A.2.h. Open Black Spruce-Tamarack
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A.3.b. Siika Spruce WoodlandDescrlp
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and others 1988). Picea glaucdAlnus
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A well-developed tall shrub layer,
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Figure 24-Closed broadleaf forest o
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Occasionally, small stands of balsa
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Mature birch can survive low-intens
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Distribution and Site characteristl
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Distributlon and site characteristi
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Figure 314pen broadleaf forest ofba
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I.B.3.b. Balsam Poplar WoodlandDesc
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stands reach 120 years of age. A ta
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1.c.7.d. Closed Quaking Aspen-Spruc
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Figure 35-Closed mixed forest 01 ba
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I.C.2.b. Open Quaking Aspen-Spruce
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Closed subalp
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ll.A.3.a. Black Spruce Dwarf Tree W
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Figure 38-Closed tall willow shrub
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hummocky substrate and usually are
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Figure 41-Open tall willow shrub of
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ll.B.2.c. Open Tall Shrub Birch Shr
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Figure 44-Closed low willow shrub o
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Communities-Betula nana-Salixplanif
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Successlonal status-Many of these c
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Primary referencecHanson 1951; Pega
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generally also have an abundance of
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Successional status-Communities on
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Communitles-Salix glauca/Arcfosfaph
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Primary references-Hogan and Tande
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Sagebrush-gra
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Figure 52-Oryas dwarf shrub tundraw
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ugosum (Hettinger and Janz 1974). D
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Oxyfropis nigrescens, Hierochlog al
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Closely related types-Vaccinium dwa
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ll.D.2.d. Mountain-Heath Dwarf Shru
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1984). Cassiope mertensiana-C. stel
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Figure SB--Dry graminoid herbaceous
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' , , .MA. 1.b. Dry FescueFigure 54
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Figure 60-Midgrass-shrub stand of t
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(Crow 1977b, Ritchie and others 198
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Successional status-In southwestern
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Primary reference-Hjeljord 1971.Com
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Closely related types-Sedge-birch t
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Figure 64-We1 sedge meadow tundraof
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Wet sedge mea
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Figure €.&Subarcticlowland sedge
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- Page 191 and 192: Koppen 1977; del Moral and Watson 1
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- Page 209 and 210: lll.D.I.b. Common MarestailFigure 7
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- Page 213 and 214: Communlties-Su~ularia aquafica-Call
- Page 215 and 216: Figure 80(len)-A marine aquatic eel
- Page 217 and 218: ReferencesWhile preparing the Alask
- Page 219 and 220: Anderson, J.H. 1972. Phytocenology
- Page 221 and 222: Brock, Steven; Burke, Ingrid. 1980.
- Page 223 and 224: Crow, John Huber. 1968. Plant ecolo
- Page 225 and 226: Fries, Janet A. 1977. The vascular
- Page 227 and 228: Holowaychuk, N.; Smeck, Neil E. 197
- Page 229 and 230: Kessler, Wlnlfred B. 1979. Bird pop
- Page 231 and 232: Martin, Jon R.; Brady, Ward W.; Dow
- Page 233 and 234: Neiland, Bonita J. 1971b. Survey of
- Page 235 and 236: Raclne, Charles H.; Anderson, J.H.
- Page 237 and 238: Selkregg, Lidla L. 1975a. Alaska re
- Page 239: Stevens, M.E. 1965. Relation of veg
- Page 243 and 244: Walker, D.A.; Lederer, N.P. 1983. V
- Page 245 and 246: Wiggins, Ira L. 1951. The distribut
- Page 247 and 248: Table %Listof scientific and common
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