Harris, Arland S.; Farr, Wilbur A. 1974. <strong>The</strong> forest ecosystem of southeast <strong>Alaska</strong>. 7: Forestecology and timber management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-25. Portland, OR: U.S. Departmentof Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range ExperimentStation. 109 p.Harris, Arland S.; Hutchlnson, 0. Keith; Meehan, William R. [and others]. 1974. <strong>The</strong> forestecosystem of southeast <strong>Alaska</strong>. 1: <strong>The</strong> setting. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-12. Portland, OR:US. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and RangeExperiment Station. 40 p.Hatch, Martha A. 1978. Flora of Chowiet Island in the Semidi National Wildlife Refuge, <strong>Alaska</strong>.41 p. Unpublished report. On file with: Institute of Northern Forestty. 308 Tanana Drive,Fairbanks, AK 99775.Hatch, Martha A. 1985. <strong>Vegetation</strong> and flora of the Semidi Islands, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Fairbanks, AK:University of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 118 p. M.S. thesis.Heebner, Deborah K. 1982. <strong>The</strong> numerical analysis of vegetation plots in Denali National Parkand Preserve. Fairbanks, AK: University of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 243 p. M.S. thesis.Hegg, Karl M.; Sleverdlng, Harold. 1979. Timber resources of the Kuskokwim flood plainand adjacent uplands. Resour. Bull. PNW-87. Portland. OR: US. Department of Agriculture,Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 40 p.Heilman, Paul E. 1966. Change in distribution and availability of nitrogen with forest successionon north slopes in interior <strong>Alaska</strong>. Ecology. 47(5): 825.831.Helm, D.; Collins, W.; McKendrlck, J. 1984. Floodplain succession in southcentral <strong>Alaska</strong>. In:LaBau, Vernon J.; Kerr, Calvin L., eds. Inventorying forest and other vegetation of the highlatitude and high altitude regions: Proceedings of an international symposium, Society ofAmerican Foresters regional technical conference; 1984 July 23-26; Fairbanks, AK.Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 114-118.Helm, Dot. 1982. <strong>Vegetation</strong> studies for the proposed Susitna hydroelearic project.Agroborealis. 14: 52-55.Hettlnger, L.R.; Janz, A.J. 1974. <strong>Vegetation</strong> and soils of northeastern <strong>Alaska</strong>. Arctic Gas Biol.Rep. Ser. Vol. 21. [Place of publication unknown]: Northern Engineering Services Co. Ltd.206 p.Henlnger, Loren; Janz, Arnold; Weln, Ross W. 1973. <strong>Vegetation</strong> of the northern YukonTerritory. Arctic Gas Biol. Rep. Ser. Vol. 1. [Place of publication unknown]: NorthernEngineering Services Co. Ltd. 171 p.Heusser, Calvin J. 1954. Nunatak flora of the Juneau Ice Field, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Bulletin of the TorreyBotanical Club. 81(3): 236-250.Heusser, Calvin J. 1960. Late-Pleistocene environments of North Pacific North America. Am.Geogr. SOC. Spec. Publ. 35. New York: American Geographical Soclety. 308 p.Hjeljord, Olav G. 1971. Feeding ecology and habitat preference of the mountain goat in<strong>Alaska</strong>. Fairbanks, AK: University of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 128 p. M.S. thesis.Hogan, Mary; Tande, Gerald F. 1983. <strong>Vegetation</strong> types and bird use of Anchorage wetlands.Anchorage, AK: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service-Region 7. SpecialStudies. 134 p.Holmes, Kay W. 1981. Natural revegetation of dredge tailings at Fox, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Agroborealis.13: 26-29.Holmes, R.T.; Black, C.P. 1973. Ecological distribution of birds in the Kolomak River-AskinukMountain region, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. <strong>Alaska</strong>. Condor. 75(2): 150-163.222
Holowaychuk, N.; Smeck, Neil E. 1979. Soils of the Chukchi-lmuruk area. In: Melchior,Herbert R., ed. Biological survey of the Bering Land Bridge National Monument: revisedfinal report. Fairbanks, AK: Biology and Resource Management Program, <strong>Alaska</strong> CooperativePark Studies Unit, University of <strong>Alaska</strong>: 114-192. Chapter 6.Hooper, David Chandler. 1952. Waterfowl investigations at Minto Lakes, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Fairbanks,AK: University of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 62 p. M.S. thesis.Hopklns, D.M.; Slgafoos, R.S. 1951. Frost action and vegetation patterns on SewardPeninsula, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Geol. Surv. Bull. 974-C. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of theInterior, Geological Survey: 51-100.HuItbn, Eric. 1960. Flora of the Aleutian Islands and westernmost <strong>Alaska</strong> Peninsula with noteson the flora of Commander Islands. 2d. ed., rev. Weinheim. Germany: J. Cramer. 376 p.HultBn, Eric. 1962. Flora and vegetation of Scammon Bay, Bering Sea Coast, <strong>Alaska</strong>. SvenskBotanisk Tidskrift. 56(1): 36-54.Hultbn, Eric. 1966. Contributions to the knowledge of flora and vegetation of the southwestern<strong>Alaska</strong>n mainland. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. 60(1): 175-189.Hultbn, Eric. 1968. Flora of <strong>Alaska</strong> and neighboring territories. Stanford, CA: Stanford UniversityPress. 1008 p.Hunt, Steven; Tltlow, Budd; Root, Ralph [and others]. 1986. Aerial photos of land covertypes aid Denali mining impact analysis. Park Science. 6(2): 3-6.Islelb, M.E. “Pete”; Kessel, Brlna. 1973. Birds of the North Gull Coast-Prince William Soundregion, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Biol. Pap. Univ. <strong>Alaska</strong> 14. Fairbanks, AK: University of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 149 p.Jackson, Marlon T. 1981. <strong>Vegetation</strong> patterns of an emperor goose nesting ground nearKokechik Bay, western <strong>Alaska</strong>. National Geographic Society Research Reports. 13: 287-296.Jaques, Dennls Randall. 1973. Reconnaissance botany of alpine ecosystems on Prince ofWales Island, southeast <strong>Alaska</strong>. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 133 p. MS. thesis.Jefferles, R.L 1977. <strong>The</strong> vegetation of salt marshes at some coastal sacs in arctic NorthAmerica. Journal of Ecology. 65: 661-672.Jeglum, J.K.; Bolssonneau, A.N.; Haavlsto, V.F. 1974. Toward a wetland classification forOntario. Information Rep. 0-X-215. Sault Ste. Marie, ON: Great Lakes Forest ResearchCentre, Canadian Forestry Service, Department of the Environment. 54 p. [plus appendixes].Johnson, Albert W.; Kubanls, Susan A. 1978. Investigations of weeds and weedy <strong>Vegetation</strong>along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay haul road. In: Brown. Jerry, principal investigator.Ecological baseline investigations along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road, <strong>Alaska</strong>.Hanover, NH: Corps of Engineers, U.S Army Cold Regions Research and EngineeringLaboratory; progress report: 5-24.Johnson, Albert W.; Kubanis, Susan A. 1979. Investigations of weeds and weedy vegetationalong the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay haul road: a second year annual report. CRREL InternalRep. 594. Hanover, NH: US. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research andEngineering Laboratory. 80 p.Johnson, Albert W.; Vlereck, Leslie A. 1962. Some new records and range extensions ofarctic plants for <strong>Alaska</strong>. Biol. Pap. Univ. <strong>Alaska</strong> 6. Fairbanks, AK: University of <strong>Alaska</strong>. 32 p.Johnson, Albert W.; Vlereck, Leslie A,; Johnson, Ross E.; Melchlor, Herbert. 1966.<strong>Vegetation</strong> and flora. In: Wilimovsky. Norman J.: Wok. John N.. eds. Environment of theCape Thompson region, <strong>Alaska</strong>. Oak Ridge, TN: US. Atomic Energy Commission, Divisionof Technical Information: 277-354. Chaoter 14.223
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~~ ~rForest ServicePacific Northwes
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AbstractViereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T
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IntroductionThe first draft of this
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General Descriptionof theClassifica
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Northwest’. Tenltoryf-Figure I-Ma
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Arctic AlaskaInterior AlaskaAn exte
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Figure 2-Vegetation type map of Ala
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Table 1-Alaska vegetation classific
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II. Scrub8a. Vegetation with at lea
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mn15
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FQ221
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n aa25
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mP35
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.I44
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Descriptions ofLevel I, II, 111,and
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Communities-Picea sifchensis/Oplopa
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LA. 1.d. Closed Western Hemlock-Sit
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Figure 6-Closed needleleaf forest o
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Distrlbutlon and site characteristi
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Communities-Picea glaucahathermosse
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LA. 1.1. Closed Black Spruce-White
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A lower well-developed shrub layer
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A layer of herbs and ferns provides
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Figure lS0pen needleleaf forest ofw
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Figure 1 64pen needleleaf forest of
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1.A.2.h. Open Black Spruce-Tamarack
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A.3.b. Siika Spruce WoodlandDescrlp
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and others 1988). Picea glaucdAlnus
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A well-developed tall shrub layer,
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Figure 24-Closed broadleaf forest o
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Occasionally, small stands of balsa
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Mature birch can survive low-intens
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Distribution and Site characteristl
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Distributlon and site characteristi
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Figure 314pen broadleaf forest ofba
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I.B.3.b. Balsam Poplar WoodlandDesc
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stands reach 120 years of age. A ta
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1.c.7.d. Closed Quaking Aspen-Spruc
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Figure 35-Closed mixed forest 01 ba
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I.C.2.b. Open Quaking Aspen-Spruce
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Closed subalp
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ll.A.3.a. Black Spruce Dwarf Tree W
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Figure 38-Closed tall willow shrub
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hummocky substrate and usually are
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Figure 41-Open tall willow shrub of
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ll.B.2.c. Open Tall Shrub Birch Shr
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Figure 44-Closed low willow shrub o
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Communities-Betula nana-Salixplanif
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Successlonal status-Many of these c
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Primary referencecHanson 1951; Pega
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generally also have an abundance of
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Successional status-Communities on
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Communitles-Salix glauca/Arcfosfaph
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Primary references-Hogan and Tande
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Sagebrush-gra
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Figure 52-Oryas dwarf shrub tundraw
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ugosum (Hettinger and Janz 1974). D
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Oxyfropis nigrescens, Hierochlog al
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Closely related types-Vaccinium dwa
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ll.D.2.d. Mountain-Heath Dwarf Shru
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1984). Cassiope mertensiana-C. stel
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Figure SB--Dry graminoid herbaceous
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' , , .MA. 1.b. Dry FescueFigure 54
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Figure 60-Midgrass-shrub stand of t
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(Crow 1977b, Ritchie and others 198
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Successional status-In southwestern
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Primary references-Batten and other
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- Page 217 and 218: ReferencesWhile preparing the Alask
- Page 219 and 220: Anderson, J.H. 1972. Phytocenology
- Page 221 and 222: Brock, Steven; Burke, Ingrid. 1980.
- Page 223 and 224: Crow, John Huber. 1968. Plant ecolo
- Page 225: Fries, Janet A. 1977. The vascular
- Page 229 and 230: Kessler, Wlnlfred B. 1979. Bird pop
- Page 231 and 232: Martin, Jon R.; Brady, Ward W.; Dow
- Page 233 and 234: Neiland, Bonita J. 1971b. Survey of
- Page 235 and 236: Raclne, Charles H.; Anderson, J.H.
- Page 237 and 238: Selkregg, Lidla L. 1975a. Alaska re
- Page 239 and 240: Stevens, M.E. 1965. Relation of veg
- Page 241 and 242: Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A. 1981.
- Page 243 and 244: Walker, D.A.; Lederer, N.P. 1983. V
- Page 245 and 246: Wiggins, Ira L. 1951. The distribut
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Sere-A sequence of plant communitie
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Submerged aquatic plant-Plant adapt
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~ y p + kind ~ of vegetation; for e
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Viereck, L.A.; Dymess, C.T.; Batten