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Calmes, Mary A. 1976. Vegetation pattern of bottomland bogs in the Fairbanks area, Alaska.Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska. 104 p. MS. thesis.Calvin, Natasha I. 1977. A qualitative description of the intertidal plants and animals ofBerners Bay, southeastern Alaska. Syesis. 10: 11-24.Chapin, F.S., 111. 1975. Suocessional relationships of Eriophorum vaginaturn. In: Brown, Jerry,ed. Emlogical and limnological reconaissances from Prudhoe Bay into the Brooks Range,Alaska-summer 1975. Hanover, NH: US. Army Cold Regions Research and EngineeringLaboratory: 36-39.Childs, Henry E., Jr. 1969. Birds and mammals of the Pitmegea River region, Cape Sabine,northwestern Alaska. Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska 10. Fairbanks, AK University of Alaska. 76 p.Churchlll, Ethan D. 1955. Phytosociological and environmental characteristics of some plantcommunities in the Umiat region of Alaska. Ecology. 36(4): 606-627.Clebsch, Edward Ernst Cooper. 1957. The summer season climatic and vegetationalgradient between Point Barrow and Meade River, Alaska. Knoxville, TN: University ofTennessee. 60 p. MS. thesis.Coady, John W. 1973. Evaluation of mwse range and habitat Utilization in interior Alaska. In:Coady. John W. Interior moose studies. Pro]. Prog. Rep. Juneau, AK Alaska Department ofFish and Game: 1-26. Vol. 1.Coady, John W. 1974. Evaluation of mwse range and habitat utilization in interior Alaska. In:Coady, John W. interior moose studies. Pro]. Prog. Rep. Juneau, AK: Alaska Department ofFish and Game: 1-1 2. Vol. 2.Cooper, Davld J. 1986. Arctic-alpine tundra vegetation of the Arrigetch Creak Valley, BrooksRange, Alaska. Phytocoenoiogia. 14(4): 647-555.Coopar, W.S. 1931. A third expedition to Glacier Bay. Alaska. Ecology. 12(1): 61-95.Cooper, Willlam S. 1939. Afourth expedition to Glacier Bay. Alaska. Ecology. 20(2): 130-155.Cooper, Willlam S. 1942. Vegetation of the Prince William Sound region, Alaska; with a briefexcursion into post-Pleistocene climatic history. Ecological Monographs. 12(1): 1-22.Cooper, Willlam Skinner. 1924. The forests of Glacier Bay-present. past, and yet unborn.Journal of Forestry. 22(1): 16-23.Craighead, John J.; Cralghead, F. Lance; Cralghead, Derek J.; Redmond, Roland L. 1988.Mapping arctic vegetation in norlhwest Alaska using Landsat MSS imagery, NationalGeographic Research. 4(4): 496-527.Crocker, Robert L; Major, Jack. 1955. Soil development in relation to vegetation and surfaceage at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Journal of Ecology. 43(2): 42748.Crow, J.H. 1977a. Sak marshes of the Alaska Pacific Coast. In: Andrews, Rollin D., 111; Carr,Robert L.; Gibson, Flash [and others]. eds. Proceedings of the symposium on terrestrial andaquatic ecological studies of the Northwest; 1976 March 26-27; Cheney, WA. Cheney, WA:Eastern Washington State College. Department of Biology: 103-110.Crow, J.H. 1977b. Sak marshes of Port Valdez. Alaska, and vicinity: a baseline study. FinalRep. [Place of publication unknown]: Rutgers Universky. Newark College of Arts andSciences. I13 p.Crow, J.H.; Koppen, J.D. 1977. The salt marshes of China Poot Bay, Alaska. Volume 10:Environmental studies of Kachemak Bay and lower Cook Inlet. Anchorage, AK: AlaskaDepartment of Fish and Game. 29 p.
Crow, John Huber. 1968. Plant ecology of the Copper River Detta, Alaska. Pullman, WA:Washington State University. 120 p. Ph.D. dissertation.Crum, Howard A,; Sleere, William C.; Anderson, Lewis E. 1973. A new list of mosses ofNorth America north of Mexico. The Bryologist. 76(1): 85-130.Curatolo, J.A.; Eoyce, M.S.; Robus, M.A.; Kacyon, R.H. 1981. Aquatic furbearer habitatsurvey. Juneau, AK: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: final report; contract53-0109-0-00052. 33 p. [plus appendixes].Dachnowskl-Stokes, A.P. 1941. Peat re~ources in Alaska. Tech. Bull. 769. Washington, DC:U.S. Department of Agriculture. 84 p.Daubenmire, R.F. 1952. Forest vegetation of northern Idaho and adjacent Washington, and itsbearing on concepts of vegetation classification. Ecological Monographs. 22(2): 301-330.Davls, A.; Rak, D.; Davldson, D.; Huecker, R. 1980. Soil resource inventory of the KenaiPeninsula, Chugach National Forest, Alaska, 1980. Alaska Reg. Rep. 110. Juneau, AK:US. Department of Agricutture, Forest Service. 148 p. [plus maps].Dean, Frederick C. 1964. Biological investigations of the Baird and Schwatka MountainsBrooks Range, Alaska, 1963. Fairbanks, AK University of Alaska. 130 p.Dean, Frederick C.; Chesemore, David L. 1974. Studies of birds and mammals in the Bairdand Schwatka Mountains, Alaska. Biol. Pap. Univ. Alaska 15. Fairbanks, AK: University ofAlaska. 80 p.del Moral, Roger; Watson, Alan F. 1978. Vegetation on the Stikine Flats, southeast Alaska.Northwest Science. 52(2): 137-150.DeMeo, T.; West, R.; Martin, J.R. 1989. Preliminary forest plant assocation managementguide: Ketchikan Area, Tongass National Forest. Unpublished report. On file with: KetchikanRanger District, Ketchikan. AK 99901,Dennls, John Goodwln. 1968. Growth of tundra vegetation in relation to arctic microenvironmentsat Barrow, Alaska. Durham, NC: Duke University. 289 p. Ph.D. dissertation.Densmore, David. 1980. Vegetation and forest dynamics of the upper Dietrich River Valley,Alaska. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. 183 p. MS. thesis.Drew, James V.; Shanks, Royal E 1965. Landscape relationships of soils and vegetation inthe forest-tundra ecotone. upper Firth River Valley, Alaska-Canada. Ecological Monographs.35(3): 285-306.Druehl, L.D. 1970. The pattern of Laminariales distribution in the northeast Pacific. Phycologia.9(3/4): 237-247.Drury, W.H., Jr. 1956. Bog flats and physiographic processes in the upper Kuskokwim Riverregion, Alaska. Contrib. Gray Herb. 178. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. 130 p.Dyrness, C.T.; Grlgal, D.F. 1979. Vegetation-soil relationships along a spruce forest transectin interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany. 57(23): 2644-2656.Dyrness, C.T.; Vlereck, L.A.; Foote, M.J.; Zasada, J.C. 1988. The effect on vegetation andsoil temperature of logging flood-plain white spruce. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-392. Portland, OR:US. Department of Agricutture. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 45 p.Eben, James I.; Brown, Galen N. 1977. Ecologic/wver-type mapping for purposes of culturalresources sampling in NPRA. Albuquerque, NM: Remote Sensing Division, SouthwestCultural Resources Center, National Park Service. 16 p.219
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~~ ~rForest ServicePacific Northwes
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AbstractViereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T
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IntroductionThe first draft of this
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General Descriptionof theClassifica
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Northwest’. Tenltoryf-Figure I-Ma
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Arctic AlaskaInterior AlaskaAn exte
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Figure 2-Vegetation type map of Ala
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Table 1-Alaska vegetation classific
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II. Scrub8a. Vegetation with at lea
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mn15
Page 25:
FQ221
Page 29:
n aa25
Page 39:
mP35
Page 48:
.I44
Page 59 and 60:
Descriptions ofLevel I, II, 111,and
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Communities-Picea sifchensis/Oplopa
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LA. 1.d. Closed Western Hemlock-Sit
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Figure 6-Closed needleleaf forest o
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Distrlbutlon and site characteristi
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Communities-Picea glaucahathermosse
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LA. 1.1. Closed Black Spruce-White
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A lower well-developed shrub layer
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A layer of herbs and ferns provides
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Figure lS0pen needleleaf forest ofw
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Figure 1 64pen needleleaf forest of
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1.A.2.h. Open Black Spruce-Tamarack
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A.3.b. Siika Spruce WoodlandDescrlp
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and others 1988). Picea glaucdAlnus
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A well-developed tall shrub layer,
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Figure 24-Closed broadleaf forest o
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Occasionally, small stands of balsa
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Mature birch can survive low-intens
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Distribution and Site characteristl
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Distributlon and site characteristi
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Figure 314pen broadleaf forest ofba
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I.B.3.b. Balsam Poplar WoodlandDesc
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stands reach 120 years of age. A ta
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1.c.7.d. Closed Quaking Aspen-Spruc
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Figure 35-Closed mixed forest 01 ba
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I.C.2.b. Open Quaking Aspen-Spruce
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Distribution and site characteristi
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Closely related types-Closed subalp
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ll.A.3.a. Black Spruce Dwarf Tree W
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Figure 38-Closed tall willow shrub
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hummocky substrate and usually are
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Primary references-Batten and other
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Figure 41-Open tall willow shrub of
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ll.B.2.c. Open Tall Shrub Birch Shr
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Page 129 and 130:
Figure 44-Closed low willow shrub o
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Communities-Betula nana-Salixplanif
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Successlonal status-Many of these c
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Primary referencecHanson 1951; Pega
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generally also have an abundance of
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Successional status-Communities on
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Communitles-Salix glauca/Arcfosfaph
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Primary references-Hogan and Tande
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Page 149 and 150:
Closely related types-Sagebrush-gra
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Figure 52-Oryas dwarf shrub tundraw
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ugosum (Hettinger and Janz 1974). D
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Oxyfropis nigrescens, Hierochlog al
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Closely related types-Vaccinium dwa
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ll.D.2.d. Mountain-Heath Dwarf Shru
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1984). Cassiope mertensiana-C. stel
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Figure SB--Dry graminoid herbaceous
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' , , .MA. 1.b. Dry FescueFigure 54
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Figure 60-Midgrass-shrub stand of t
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(Crow 1977b, Ritchie and others 198
Page 171 and 172: Successional status-In southwestern
Page 173 and 174: Primary references-Batten and other
Page 177 and 178: Primary reference-Hjeljord 1971.Com
Page 179 and 180: Closely related types-Sedge-birch t
Page 181 and 182: Figure 64-We1 sedge meadow tundraof
Page 183 and 184: Distribution and site characteristi
Page 185 and 186: Closely related types-Wet sedge mea
Page 187 and 188: Figure €.&Subarcticlowland sedge
Page 189 and 190: Closely related types-Halophytic gr
Page 191 and 192: Koppen 1977; del Moral and Watson 1
Page 193 and 194: Closely related types-These communi
Page 195 and 196: The sites themselves are covered wi
Page 197 and 198: Figure 70-A mesic forb herbaceous c
Page 199 and 200: Closely related types-These communi
Page 201 and 202: Closely related types-Herb wet mead
Page 203 and 204: Closely related types-Halophytic he
Page 205 and 206: III.C.1.6. Dly BryophyteFigure ? L
Page 207 and 208: lll.C.2.b. Foliose and Fruticose Li
Page 209 and 210: lll.D.I.b. Common MarestailFigure 7
Page 211 and 212: Photographs-Figure 79, this publica
Page 213 and 214: Communlties-Su~ularia aquafica-Call
Page 215 and 216: Figure 80(len)-A marine aquatic eel
Page 217 and 218: ReferencesWhile preparing the Alask
Page 219 and 220: Anderson, J.H. 1972. Phytocenology
Page 221: Brock, Steven; Burke, Ingrid. 1980.
Page 225 and 226: Fries, Janet A. 1977. The vascular
Page 227 and 228: Holowaychuk, N.; Smeck, Neil E. 197
Page 229 and 230: Kessler, Wlnlfred B. 1979. Bird pop
Page 231 and 232: Martin, Jon R.; Brady, Ward W.; Dow
Page 233 and 234: Neiland, Bonita J. 1971b. Survey of
Page 235 and 236: Raclne, Charles H.; Anderson, J.H.
Page 237 and 238: Selkregg, Lidla L. 1975a. Alaska re
Page 239 and 240: Stevens, M.E. 1965. Relation of veg
Page 241 and 242: Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A. 1981.
Page 243 and 244: Walker, D.A.; Lederer, N.P. 1983. V
Page 245 and 246: Wiggins, Ira L. 1951. The distribut
Page 247 and 248: Table %Listof scientific and common
Page 249 and 250: Table &--List of scientific and com
Page 251 and 252: Table 3-Lis.t of scientific and com
Page 253 and 254: Table >Listof scientific and common
Page 255 and 256: Table %Listof scientific and common
Page 257 and 258: ~~~ ~Table %Listof Scientific and c
Page 259 and 260: Assoclatlon, plant-A stand or group
Page 261 and 262: Bryold-(1) A moss, liverwort, or ho
Page 263 and 264: Ctyaquepts-Gray or olive soils with
Page 265 and 266: Edaphic-(adj.) Pertaining to the so
Page 267 and 268: Foliage cover-See cover.Foot slope-
Page 269 and 270: Herbaceous4n the Alaska vegetation
Page 271 and 272: Marsh-(1) A periodically wet or con
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Old-growth stand-Not synonymous wit
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Pioneer-Plant capable of invading b
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Sere-A sequence of plant communitie
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Submerged aquatic plant-Plant adapt
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~ y p + kind ~ of vegetation; for e
Page 283 and 284:
Viereck, L.A.; Dymess, C.T.; Batten
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