The Alaska Vegetation Classification - Alaska Geobotany Center ...

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Alaska Planning Group, U.S. Department of the Interlor. 19741. Proposed Harding Icefield-Kenai Fjords National Monument, Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publicationunknown]: [Publisher unknown]. 618 p.Alaska Planning Group, US. Department of the Interlor. 19746. Proposed lliamna ResourceRange Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisherunknown]. 620 p.Alaska Planning Group, US. Department of the Interior. 1974h. Proposed Katmai NationalPark Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisherunknown]. 652 p.Alaska Plannlng Group, U.S. Department of the Interior. 19741. Proposed Kobuk ValleyNational Monument, Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publication unknown]:[Publisher unknown]. 626 p.Alaska Planning Group, U.S. Department of the Interior. 19743. Proposed Noatak NationalArctic Range Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publication unknown]:[Publisher unknown]. 700 p.Alaska Plannlng Group, U.S. Department of the Interior. 1974k. Proposed Selawik NationalWildlife Refuge. Final environmental statement. [Place of publication unknown]: [Publisherunknown]. 632 p.Alaska Plannlng Group, U.S. Department of the Interior. 19741. Proposed WrangellMountain National Forest Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publicationunknown]: [Publisher unknown]. 713 p.Alaska Plannlng Group, U.S. Department of the Interior. 1974111. Proposed Wrangell-St.Elias National Park Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publication unknown]:[Publisher unknown]. 76.4 p.Alaska Plannlng Group, U.S. Department oftha Interior. 1974n. Proposed Yukon-CharleyNational Rivers, Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publication unknown]:[Publisher unknown]. 669 p.Alaska Plannlng Group, US. Department of the Interior. 19740. Proposed Yukon DeltaNational Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publicationunknown]: [Publisher unknown]. 550 p.Alaska Planning Group, U.S. Department of the Interior. 1974p. Proposed Yukon FlatNational Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publicationunknown]: [Publisher unknown]. 646 p.Alaska Plannlng Group, U.S. Department of the Interior. 1974q. Proposed Yukon-Kuskokwim National Forest. Alaska. Final environmental statement. [Place of publicationunknown]: [Publisher unknown]. 673 p.Amundsen, C.C. 1972. Plant ecology of Amchitka Island: final report. Columbus. OH:Battelle. Columbus Laboratories; BMI-171-139. 27 p.Amundsen, C.C. 1977. Terrestrial plant ecology. In: Merriit. Melvin L.; Fuller, R. Glen, eds.The environment of Amchitka Island. Alaska. TID-26712. [Place of publication unknown]:Technical Information Center, Energy Research and Development Administration: 203-226.Amundsen, C.C.; Clebsch, E.E.C. 1971. Dynamics of the terrestrial ecosystem vegetationof Amchitka Island. Alaska. Bioscience. 21 (2): 619-623.Amundsen, Cllfford C. 1985. Central Aleutian tundra: ecological manifestations of maritimetundra landscapes in the central Aleutian Islands (Amchitka, Adak). Alaska. Final Rep.Knoxville, TN: Department of Botany and Graduate Program in Ecology, University ofTennessee. 77 p. [plus appendixes].214
Anderson, J.H. 1972. Phytocenology and primary production at Eagle Summit, Alaska. In:Proceedings, 1972 tundra biome symposium; 1972 July; Seanle, WA. (Place of publicationunknown]: US. Tundra Biome: 61-69.Anderson, J.H. 1974. Plants, soils, phytocenology and primary production of the EagleSummit Tundra Biome site. U.S. Tundra Biome Data Rep. 74-42. Fairbanks, AK: Universityof Alaska, institute of Arctic Biology: 1-1 to Vlll-2.Anderson, J.H. 1979. Preliminary botanical sketch of the Camp 26 and Marble MountainNunataks, lower Lleweliyn Glacier, northwestern British Columbia. Fairbanks, AK: Universityof Alaska, Institute of Arctic Biology. 13 p.Anderson, James H.; Shapiro, Lewls; Belon, Albert E. 1973. Vegetative and geologicmapping of the western Seward Peninsula, Alaska, based on ERTS-1 imagery. In: Freden.Stanley C.; Mercanti, Enrico P.: Becker, Margaret A,, mmps.. eds. Symposium onsignificant resuns obtained from the Earth resources technology satellite-I: Volume 1:Technical presentations, section A: Proceedings of a symposium: 1973 March 5-9: NewCarrollton. MD. NASA SP-327. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration. Scientific and Technical Information Office: 67-75.Andreev, V.N. 1978. Botanicheskie Nablyudeniya na Alyaske: Botanical ObSeNatiOnS onAlaska. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. 63(1): 115-128.Arctlc Envlronmental lniormatlon and Data Center. 1980. An assessment of environmentaleffects of construction and operation of the proposed Tyee Lake hydroelectric project,Petersburg and Wrangell, Alaska. Anchorage, AK: University of Alaska, Arctic Informationand Data Center. 231 p.Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center; lnstltute of Soclal, Economic,Government Research. 1974a. The Bristol Bay environment, a background study ofavailable knowledge. Anchorage, AK: University of Alaska, Arctic Environmental Informationand Data Center; Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska, Institute of Social, Economic,Government Research. 858 p.Arctlc Envlronmental Information and Data Center; Institute of Social, Economic,Government Research. 1974b. The western Gulf of Alaska, a summary of availableknowledge. Anchorage, AK: University of Alaska, Arctic Environmental Information andData Center: Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska, Institute of Social, Economic, GovernmentResearch. 599 p.Arctlc lnstltute of North Amerlca. 1974. The Alaskan arctic coast. a background study ofavailable knowledge. Anchorage, AK Alaska Office, Arctic institute of North Ameriia. 551 p.Balley, Edgar P. 1976. Breeding bird distribution and abundance in the Barren Islands,Alaska. The Murrelet. 57(1): 2-12.Bailey, Robert G.; mister, Robert D.; Henderson, Jan A. 1978. Nature of land and resourceclassification-a review. Journal of Forestry. 76(10): 650-655.Bank, Theodore P., II. 1951. Botanical and ethnobotanical studies in the Aleutian Islands.I: Aleutian vegetation and Aleut culture. Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters37: 13-30,Bank, Theodore P., II. 1953. Biological succession in the Aleutians. Pacific Science. 7:493-503.Barbour, M.G.; DeJong, T.M.; Johnson, A.F. 1975. Additions and corrections to a review ofNorth American Pacific Coast beach vegetation. Madrono. 23(3): 130-134.Batten, Alan R. 1979. Wetlands of the Kenai River corridor. 2 p. [plus maps]. Unpublishedreport. On file with: Institute of Northern Forestry, 308 Tanana Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775.215
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~~ ~rForest ServicePacific Northwes
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AbstractViereck, L.A.; Dyrness, C.T
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IntroductionThe first draft of this
Page 7 and 8:
General Descriptionof theClassifica
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Northwest’. Tenltoryf-Figure I-Ma
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Arctic AlaskaInterior AlaskaAn exte
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Figure 2-Vegetation type map of Ala
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Table 1-Alaska vegetation classific
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II. Scrub8a. Vegetation with at lea
Page 19:
mn15
Page 25:
FQ221
Page 29:
n aa25
Page 39:
mP35
Page 48:
.I44
Page 59 and 60:
Descriptions ofLevel I, II, 111,and
Page 61 and 62:
Communities-Picea sifchensis/Oplopa
Page 63 and 64:
LA. 1.d. Closed Western Hemlock-Sit
Page 65 and 66:
Figure 6-Closed needleleaf forest o
Page 67 and 68:
Distrlbutlon and site characteristi
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Communities-Picea glaucahathermosse
Page 71 and 72:
LA. 1.1. Closed Black Spruce-White
Page 73 and 74:
A lower well-developed shrub layer
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A layer of herbs and ferns provides
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Figure lS0pen needleleaf forest ofw
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 1 64pen needleleaf forest of
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1.A.2.h. Open Black Spruce-Tamarack
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A.3.b. Siika Spruce WoodlandDescrlp
Page 85 and 86:
and others 1988). Picea glaucdAlnus
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A well-developed tall shrub layer,
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 24-Closed broadleaf forest o
Page 91 and 92:
Occasionally, small stands of balsa
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Mature birch can survive low-intens
Page 95 and 96:
Distribution and Site characteristl
Page 97 and 98:
Distributlon and site characteristi
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Figure 314pen broadleaf forest ofba
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I.B.3.b. Balsam Poplar WoodlandDesc
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stands reach 120 years of age. A ta
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1.c.7.d. Closed Quaking Aspen-Spruc
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Figure 35-Closed mixed forest 01 ba
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I.C.2.b. Open Quaking Aspen-Spruce
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Distribution and site characteristi
Page 113 and 114:
Closely related types-Closed subalp
Page 115 and 116:
ll.A.3.a. Black Spruce Dwarf Tree W
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Figure 38-Closed tall willow shrub
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hummocky substrate and usually are
Page 121 and 122:
Primary references-Batten and other
Page 123 and 124:
Figure 41-Open tall willow shrub of
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ll.B.2.c. Open Tall Shrub Birch Shr
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Page 129 and 130:
Figure 44-Closed low willow shrub o
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Communities-Betula nana-Salixplanif
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Page 135 and 136:
Successlonal status-Many of these c
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Primary referencecHanson 1951; Pega
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generally also have an abundance of
Page 141 and 142:
Successional status-Communities on
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Communitles-Salix glauca/Arcfosfaph
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Primary references-Hogan and Tande
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Closely related types-Sagebrush-gra
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Figure 52-Oryas dwarf shrub tundraw
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ugosum (Hettinger and Janz 1974). D
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Oxyfropis nigrescens, Hierochlog al
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Closely related types-Vaccinium dwa
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ll.D.2.d. Mountain-Heath Dwarf Shru
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1984). Cassiope mertensiana-C. stel
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Figure SB--Dry graminoid herbaceous
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' , , .MA. 1.b. Dry FescueFigure 54
Page 167 and 168: Figure 60-Midgrass-shrub stand of t
Page 169 and 170: (Crow 1977b, Ritchie and others 198
Page 171 and 172: Successional status-In southwestern
Page 173 and 174: Primary references-Batten and other
Page 177 and 178: Primary reference-Hjeljord 1971.Com
Page 179 and 180: Closely related types-Sedge-birch t
Page 181 and 182: Figure 64-We1 sedge meadow tundraof
Page 183 and 184: Distribution and site characteristi
Page 185 and 186: Closely related types-Wet sedge mea
Page 187 and 188: Figure €.&Subarcticlowland sedge
Page 189 and 190: Closely related types-Halophytic gr
Page 191 and 192: Koppen 1977; del Moral and Watson 1
Page 193 and 194: Closely related types-These communi
Page 195 and 196: The sites themselves are covered wi
Page 197 and 198: Figure 70-A mesic forb herbaceous c
Page 199 and 200: Closely related types-These communi
Page 201 and 202: Closely related types-Herb wet mead
Page 203 and 204: Closely related types-Halophytic he
Page 205 and 206: III.C.1.6. Dly BryophyteFigure ? L
Page 207 and 208: lll.C.2.b. Foliose and Fruticose Li
Page 209 and 210: lll.D.I.b. Common MarestailFigure 7
Page 211 and 212: Photographs-Figure 79, this publica
Page 213 and 214: Communlties-Su~ularia aquafica-Call
Page 215 and 216: Figure 80(len)-A marine aquatic eel
Page 217: ReferencesWhile preparing the Alask
Page 221 and 222: Brock, Steven; Burke, Ingrid. 1980.
Page 223 and 224: Crow, John Huber. 1968. Plant ecolo
Page 225 and 226: Fries, Janet A. 1977. The vascular
Page 227 and 228: Holowaychuk, N.; Smeck, Neil E. 197
Page 229 and 230: Kessler, Wlnlfred B. 1979. Bird pop
Page 231 and 232: Martin, Jon R.; Brady, Ward W.; Dow
Page 233 and 234: Neiland, Bonita J. 1971b. Survey of
Page 235 and 236: Raclne, Charles H.; Anderson, J.H.
Page 237 and 238: Selkregg, Lidla L. 1975a. Alaska re
Page 239 and 240: Stevens, M.E. 1965. Relation of veg
Page 241 and 242: Van Cleve, K.; Viereck, L.A. 1981.
Page 243 and 244: Walker, D.A.; Lederer, N.P. 1983. V
Page 245 and 246: Wiggins, Ira L. 1951. The distribut
Page 247 and 248: Table %Listof scientific and common
Page 249 and 250: Table &--List of scientific and com
Page 251 and 252: Table 3-Lis.t of scientific and com
Page 253 and 254: Table >Listof scientific and common
Page 255 and 256: Table %Listof scientific and common
Page 257 and 258: ~~~ ~Table %Listof Scientific and c
Page 259 and 260: Assoclatlon, plant-A stand or group
Page 261 and 262: Bryold-(1) A moss, liverwort, or ho
Page 263 and 264: Ctyaquepts-Gray or olive soils with
Page 265 and 266: Edaphic-(adj.) Pertaining to the so
Page 267 and 268: Foliage cover-See cover.Foot slope-
Page 269 and 270:
Herbaceous4n the Alaska vegetation
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Marsh-(1) A periodically wet or con
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Old-growth stand-Not synonymous wit
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Pioneer-Plant capable of invading b
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Sere-A sequence of plant communitie
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Submerged aquatic plant-Plant adapt
Page 281 and 282:
~ y p + kind ~ of vegetation; for e
Page 283 and 284:
Viereck, L.A.; Dymess, C.T.; Batten
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