The Little Village Gang Violence Reduction Project in Chicago

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Table 9.6Job-Related Services, by Type of Person(s) Contacted aJob-Related ServicesYouthGang/GroupFamily/GirlfriendPerson(s) ContactedOtherProjectWorkersProjectPoliceOfficerProjectProbationOfficerProjectNeighborhoodOrganizerCommunity-AgencyPersonnel/ResidentsTotalTalking about getting a job 17(5.0%)1(0.3%)27(7.9%)2(0.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)47(13.7%)Helping with job preparation(vocational training, etc.)9(2.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)1(0.3%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)10(2.9%)Job referral 39(11.4%)0(0.0%)3(0.9%)0(0.0%)1(0.3%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)43(12.5%)Job search, placement, anddevelopment89(25.9%)1(0.3%)0(0.0%)2(0.6%)1(0.3%)1(0.3%)10(2.9%)8(2.3%)112(32.7%)Taking youth to apply for a job 125(36.4%)0(0.0%)1(0.3%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)1(0.3%)127(37.0%)Taking youth to a job interview 2(0.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)2(0.6%)Taking youth to work 2(0.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)2(0.6%)Total 283(82.5%)2(0.6%)31(9.0%)4(1.2%)2(0.6%)2(0.6%)10(2.9%)9(2.6%)343(100.0%)aPercentages are calculated using the total 343 job-related services.9.33
Table 9.7Education-Related Services, by Type of Person(s) Contacted aEducation-Related ServicesYouthGang/GroupFamily/GirlfriendPerson(s) ContactedOtherProjectWorkersProjectPoliceOfficersProjectProbationOfficersProjectNeighborhoodOrganizerCommunity-AgencyPersonnel/ResidentsTotalAdvice about returning to/staying inschool42(23.2%)1(0.6%)23(12.7%)1(0.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)4(2.2%)2(1.1%)73(40.3%)Secondary school placement (return,transfer, conflict mediation)22(12.2%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)2(1.1%)24(13.3%)GED Program Placement 18(9.9%)0(0.0%)1(0.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)1(0.6%)20(11.0%)College Placement 4(2.2%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)4(2.2%)Trade School Placement 10(5.5%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)10(5.5%)Junior College Information 14(7.7%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)1(0.6%)0(0.0%)3(1.7%)18(9.9%)Information about othereducation/training23(12.7%)1(0.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)24(13.3%)Other 7(3.9%)0(0.0%)1(0.6%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)0(0.0%)8(4.4%)Total 140(77.3%)2(1.1%)25(13.8%)1(0.6%)0(0.0%)1(0.6%)4(2.2%)8(4.4%)181(100.0%)a Percentages are calculated using the total 181 education-related services.9.34
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FiguresFigure 2.1 - Youth Gang Crim
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Table 10.12 - Best Model Predicting
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Arrests, Youth With and Without “
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...................................
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Chapter 1Introduction and Review of
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Gang problems have radically increa
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for youth with school officials if
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various agencies sponsoring the you
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the specialized youth-gang projects
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ehavior of the youngsters residing
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work” (manpower training and job
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(separately from the efforts of TWO
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impact of CIN was not conducted (Cr
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procedures that have often been an
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developed programs to address the g
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members, representing 56 agencies i
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Grasmick (1993) recommend “the re
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and expulsion practices in dealing
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membership, school, job, and commun
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Assessment, planning and evaluation
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Human Services (DHS) was terminatin
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IVProgram StrategyThe strategy to a
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Community Advisory GroupA group of
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policies and procedures which affec
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component. The expectation was that
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social opportunities and mobilize c
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collective involvement of police, c
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Figure 2.1Youth Gang Crime: A Theor
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assistant to Alderman Guttierez, wh
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involved in the Project and believe
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pattern of communication between wo
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mainly in the late afternoon, night
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him.November 12, 7:00 PM. The 16-ye
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station intimidating local citizens
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Developing the Roles and Responsibi
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on individual contact with gang you
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individual youth. The completion of
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tactical officers were assigned ful
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disrespecting” the gang members.
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Probation would be contributing thr
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Department: “it appears criticall
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payment to Center staff for mainten
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Neighborhood Organization (UNO), th
Page 90 and 91:
survey. The request was possibly re
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Gang Member Survey served both prog
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ideologies as they interacted and w
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their probation officers at probati
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peripheral, or associate gang membe
Page 100 and 101:
This statement puzzled the rest of
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the development of the Project were
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from outside the community who inva
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not all activities or operations of
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Interrelated activity by Project pe
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with the same youth, then disagreed
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the father, in a federal penitentia
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gangs were to be provided outreach
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target youth to disassociate themse
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where the youth and gangs to which
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educational background or ability t
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areas. They were able to inconspicu
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out across racial or ethnic groups
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marched into the Two Six territory
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school to gain readmission to a reg
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would have to travel through enemy
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e more successful in the process of
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other youth.The youth work Supervis
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members, permitting the youth to st
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problems arose that affected the ne
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attles, or to take care of gang mem
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Project, wrote in one of his record
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officers of the violent crime unit
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Rolando, a former leader of a facti
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1. not give undue publicity to part
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double homicide. Manuel had grown u
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These expectations were not always
Page 154 and 155:
not wearing a shirt. His old gang t
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former gang members, in a team arra
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the tactical officers. The adult pr
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field operations were expected to s
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expected to help probation respond
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Chicago Police Department. A key pr
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the CPD as the senior partner) in t
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past and present history of all Pro
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gangs as part of their police tacti
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say we’re just talking to these g
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R.C.We call the detectives to see i
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I.S.What are you doing that’s dif
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G.S.We locked this one guy up. He w
Page 180 and 181:
indirectly at first where to go. It
Page 182 and 183:
“a real good kid. This is the fir
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G.S.That’s part of the problem, y
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R.C.He’s not active in the gang,
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family, helping the worker get to a
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G.S.As we said before, before you g
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Chapter 7Community MobilizationIntr
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organizational processes which affe
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consistently made it clear that his
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do approach of the CPD. Citizen inv
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youth were also part of an illegal
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seeking applicants for jobs in boom
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part of the community.There appeare
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epresentatives of the Chicago Parks
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problem, especially as it affected
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In the application for funding to t
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with the African-American gang prob
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purpose of the meetings was to rais
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interagency meeting, which was fina
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provided to the state funding agenc
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activity, especially violence and g
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expelling more gang members than ev
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Chapter 8Characteristics of Program
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youth who entered the program in ov
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expectations, peer relationships, a
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To determine the representativeness
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neighborhood characteristics, as we
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was evidence, however, that some of
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legal sources; at Time II it was 71
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ehavior and arrests when we later e
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cultural institutions (e.g., povert
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prone to attacking the Latin Kings
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changed, and to what extent the red
Page 246 and 247: 52.0% to 70.0% of the interview sam
Page 248 and 249: aspired to clerical, trade, and fac
Page 250 and 251: positive at Time I and Time III, bu
Page 252 and 253: in Little Village, who were gang me
Page 254 and 255: involved and violent youth and assi
Page 256 and 257: inaccuracies and inconsistencies in
Page 258 and 259: we excluded the twelve youth over 2
Page 260 and 261: (30.4%) and the comparison group (1
Page 262 and 263: violence which includes, in additio
Page 264 and 265: Chapter 9Program-Worker Contacts, S
Page 266 and 267: easons, failed to provide tracking
Page 268 and 269: Project police officers served or c
Page 270 and 271: in contact with a youth 13 times pe
Page 272 and 273: We describe the proportion of diffe
Page 274 and 275: younger youth) were provided with s
Page 276 and 277: involved in job-related contacts wi
Page 278 and 279: Youth Response to the ProjectFinall
Page 280 and 281: members of the two targeted gangs i
Page 282 and 283: individual youth in a group context
Page 284 and 285: Job-Related Services, the primary o
Page 286 and 287: Aggregating Types of Services (Acti
Page 288 and 289: workers. Of interest are the gang s
Page 290 and 291: proportion of younger or older gang
Page 292 and 293: Table 9.2Types of Services (Activit
Page 294 and 295: Table 9.4Type of Service (Activity)
Page 298 and 299: Table 9.8Criminal-Justice-Related S
Page 300 and 301: Table 9.10Aggregated Types of Perso
Page 302 and 303: Table 9.12Project Strategies, by Yo
Page 304 and 305: Table 9.14Services (Activities), by
Page 306 and 307: Chapter 10Self-Reported Offense, Ar
Page 308 and 309: 7) breaking into a car and stealing
Page 310 and 311: Similar sharp declines in frequenci
Page 312 and 313: also in our analysis using official
Page 314 and 315: offense and arrest categories betwe
Page 316 and 317: (-48.3%). The least decline was for
Page 318 and 319: a crime in the community. All of th
Page 320 and 321: suppression effect, particularly at
Page 322 and 323: present at Time III. There are no s
Page 324 and 325: violence arrests and serious violen
Page 326 and 327: with offending behavior. In the res
Page 328 and 329: 0.001), drug selling (r = 0.259, p
Page 330 and 331: Finally, we began to test the utili
Page 332 and 333: employment status (1= currently emp
Page 334 and 335: includes six variables: one control
Page 336 and 337: significance are: youth over 19 yea
Page 338 and 339: Our best model for predicting chang
Page 340 and 341: All of these reductions were highly
Page 342 and 343: it in the future; and the higher th
Page 344 and 345: The above models suggest that a var
Page 346 and 347:
Table 10.2Mean Frequencies of Self-
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Offenses/Arrests bTable 10.4Mean Fr
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Table 10.6Mean Frequencies of Self-
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Table 10.8Self-Reported Offenses -
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Table 10.10Best Model Predicting Se
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Table 10.12Best Model Predicting Se
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Table 10.14Best Model Predicting Ch
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decreased or remained the same betw
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the types and scope of arrests, and
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Program-Period Arrest PatternsThe f
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p = 0.039. This model explains 43.6
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violence at Time I increases its ar
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Model IV: Property ArrestsThe same
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The drug-change model was construct
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Our analysis procedure is the same
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types of arrests, comparing Time I
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were at Time II, at least for relat
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Figure 11.1Distribution of Youth in
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Four Levels of Arrests for theThree
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11.3(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Tot
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11.4(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Ser
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Table 11.5An Analysis of Variance o
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11.5(f) Adjusted Mean Change in Tot
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11.6(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Pro
Page 394 and 395:
11.7(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Dru
Page 396 and 397:
Table 11.8An Analysis of Variance o
Page 398 and 399:
11.8(f) Adjusted Mean Change in Oth
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11.9(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Spe
Page 402 and 403:
Chapter 12Modeling Program Effects:
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variables. We used the number of an
Page 406 and 407:
when the outcome variable was chang
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delinquency patterns over the progr
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and self-reported-offense variables
Page 412 and 413:
Again, most variables are derived f
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(p = 0.032), but a positive relatio
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We try to identify those specific c
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likelihood of more youth spending l
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outcome, using police arrest data f
Page 422 and 423:
Table 12.1Pre-Program a Arrest Patt
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Table 12.3Best Model Predicting Cha
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Table 12.5Best Model Predicting Cha
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12.6.B-1 Job Referral Success by Wo
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12.6.E-1 Length of Service Contact
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Chapter 13Typology of Gang YouthFor
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markets, resulting in high levels o
Page 436 and 437:
individual gang youth in our Little
Page 438 and 439:
“other” crimes. Nevertheless, f
Page 440 and 441:
type of youth-arrestee subsample, i
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and a greater increase or “specia
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these youth were represented in the
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number of offenses at Time I, but a
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Total Arrests. In the model with th
Page 450 and 451:
The 19-and-over program sample also
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We find similar and proportionate d
Page 454 and 455:
Table 13.2Yearly Arrests of Youth i
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Table 13.3 continuedFootnotesaArres
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13.4(c) Adjusted Mean Yearly Total
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13.4(f) Adjusted Mean Yearly Total
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13.5(c) Adjusted Mean Yearly Seriou
Page 464 and 465:
Table 13.6Analysis of Variance of C
Page 466 and 467:
13.6(e) Adjusted Mean Yearly Total
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13.7(c) Adjusted Mean Yearly Drug A
Page 470 and 471:
Table 13.8Analysis of Variance of C
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13.8(e) Adjusted Mean Yearly Other
Page 474 and 475:
Chapter 14The Effectiveness of the
Page 476 and 477:
of the specific types of services p
Page 478 and 479:
The success rate was relatively hig
Page 480 and 481:
in respect to the outcome or depend
Page 482 and 483:
(odds ratio = 3.31) and the Latin K
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violent behavior, was associated wi
Page 486 and 487:
drug arrests, in a model together w
Page 488 and 489:
SummaryIn general, “very effectiv
Page 490 and 491:
than do non-services contacts. The
Page 492 and 493:
per youth, and the perceptions by t
Page 494 and 495:
educing violence arrests, and viole
Page 496 and 497:
assume, because of small size, that
Page 498 and 499:
program subsample (39.1%). Also, th
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patterns, in particular types or co
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Table 14.1Summary of Logistic Regre
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Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
Table 14.11Summary of Logistic Regr
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
Table 14.19Comparison of Odds Ratio
Page 522 and 523:
Table 14.21Most Serious Sentencing
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Table 14.23Arrestee Typology of You
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Chapter 15Aggregate-Level Changes I
Page 528 and 529:
Comparable Police Districts and Bea
Page 530 and 531:
and aggravated assaults with a hand
Page 532 and 533:
Section I[Refer to Tables 15.1 to 1
Page 534 and 535:
It is also important to note that l
Page 536 and 537:
target gangs during the last two ye
Page 538 and 539:
than the average percentage increas
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number of offenders in the District
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involved in drug arrests. Again, a
Page 544 and 545:
accounted for only a small increase
Page 546 and 547:
Table 15.1 aGang Incident Data - Vi
Page 548 and 549:
Table 15.3 aGang Incident Data - To
Page 550 and 551:
Table 15.5 aGang Incident Data - Dr
Page 552 and 553:
Table 15.7 aGang Offender Data - Vi
Page 554 and 555:
Table 15.9 aGang Offender Data - Vi
Page 556 and 557:
Table 15.11 aGang Offender Data - V
Page 558 and 559:
Table 15.13 aGang Offender Data - L
Page 560 and 561:
Table 15.15 aGang Offender Data - A
Page 562 and 563:
Table 15.17 aGang Offender Data - A
Page 564 and 565:
Table 15.19 aGang Offender Data - W
Page 566 and 567:
Table 15.21 aGang Offender Data - D
Page 568 and 569:
Table 15.23 aGang Offender Data - D
Page 570 and 571:
Table 15.25 aGang Offender Data - F
Page 572 and 573:
Table 15.27 aNon-Gang Incidents - V
Page 574 and 575:
years of its existence than in the
Page 576 and 577:
crime is best sustained during both
Page 578 and 579:
Figure 15.1AComparison of Average Y
Page 580 and 581:
Figure 15.3ATen-Year Trend of Gang
Page 582 and 583:
Figure 15.1BComparison of Average Y
Page 584 and 585:
Figure 15.3BSix-Year Trend of Gang
Page 586 and 587:
the gang problem (i.e., number of s
Page 588 and 589:
Section IVwith Rolando V. SosaIncid
Page 590 and 591:
SummaryThe aggregate patterns of ch
Page 592 and 593:
Village the serious gang violence r
Page 594 and 595:
cultural, and health institutions s
Page 596 and 597:
II. While every attempt was made to
Page 598 and 599:
worse had dropped by almost half be
Page 600 and 601:
few respondents in either community
Page 602 and 603:
Pilsen). These declines between tim
Page 604 and 605:
I (n = 94) to 20.0% at Time II (n =
Page 606 and 607:
(Chisquare = 4.723, df = 1, p # 0.0
Page 608 and 609:
territory), there was no longer a s
Page 610 and 611:
increase in Little Village can be a
Page 612 and 613:
Time I and Time II. Slightly more o
Page 614 and 615:
can be associated with the GVRP (pa
Page 616 and 617:
Pilsen respondents did. Pilsen repr
Page 618 and 619:
and from 84.5% to 67.3% in Pilsen (
Page 620 and 621:
educe the presence of gangs in the
Page 622 and 623:
followed by improved schools, incre
Page 624 and 625:
particular, were less afraid in the
Page 626 and 627:
Table 16.1Community Characteristics
Page 628 and 629:
Table 16.3Problems in the Community
Page 630 and 631:
Table 16.5Gang-Motivated and Non Ga
Page 632 and 633:
Table 16.7What Police Do to Deal wi
Page 634 and 635:
Table 16.9Amount of Gang-Motivated
Page 636 and 637:
Table 16.11What Police Do to Deal w
Page 638 and 639:
Table 16.13Organizations Believe Co
Page 640 and 641:
Table 16.15Amount of Gang-Motivated
Page 642 and 643:
Table 16.17What Probation Officers
Page 644 and 645:
he quickly assumed coordination and
Page 646 and 647:
• Communication: Perhaps more imp
Page 648 and 649:
to your proposal.”In a November 1
Page 650 and 651:
foundations, and other sources. The
Page 652 and 653:
knowledge or permission of the Coor
Page 654 and 655:
although we expect to expand many e
Page 656 and 657:
Project staff were notified of prog
Page 658 and 659:
police, probation and youth workers
Page 660 and 661:
ideological terms between 1992 and
Page 662 and 663:
esponsibility of Project operations
Page 664 and 665:
• Program features: The program h
Page 666 and 667:
In a November 1996 monthly report,
Page 668 and 669:
activities with adult probation. Th
Page 670 and 671:
conflict with each other. MLG and t
Page 672 and 673:
program might look like.We have ben
Page 674 and 675:
arrangement was delayed and interru
Page 676 and 677:
CPD and CCDAP probably did not clea
Page 678 and 679:
18.18
Page 680 and 681:
Carney, Frank J., Hans W. Mattick a
Page 682 and 683:
Klein, Malcolm W. 1968 (July). The
Page 684 and 685:
Short, James F., Jr, and Fred L. St
Page 686:
Swans, Bennie J. 1981 (May 11). Cri
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The Little Village Gang Violence Reduction Project in Chicago

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