The Little Village Gang Violence Reduction Project in Chicago

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12.6.E-1 Length of Service Contact (Model P 2 for covariates = 6.444 with 2 df, p = 0.040)*Outcome Predictor dfParameterEstimateStd.ErrorPr >P 2OddsRatioChange in MonetaryExpectation-AspirationDifference (0-4) gAge19 & Over (=0), 17-18 (=1), 16 & Under (=2)Length of Service Contact f (Number of Months)33 & More (=4), 22-32 (=3), 10-21 (=2), or 1-9 (1)1 -0.424 0.183 0.021* 0.6541 0.132 0.132 0.316 1.14112.6.E-2 Total Contacts per Month h (Model P 2 for covariates=9.435 with 2 df, p=0.009)**Outcome Predictor dfParameterEstimateStd.ErrorPr >P 2OddsRatioChange in MonetaryExpectation-AspirationDifference (0-4) gAge19 & Over (=0), 17-18 (=1), 16 & Under (=2)Total Contacts per Month (Number of Contacts)5 & More (=4), 3-4 (=3), 2 (=2), or 1 (1)1 -0.415 0.183 0.024* 0.6601 0.289 0.138 0.037* 1.335For differences between groups: * p < .05; ** p < .01 .gChange in Monetary Expectation-Aspiration Difference (0-4) indicates a positive or negative change in Monetary Aspiration-Expectationdifference (4 levels include: no difference, missing, low and high difference) between interview Time 1 and Time 3: 0=increase 2 levels, 1=increase1 level, 2=no change, 3=decrease 1 level, and 4=decrease 2 levels.hTotal Contacts per Month (1-4) indicates sum of averaged number of contacts being served by all workers (i.e. Police and Probation officers,Youth and NAGV workers) during the program period. Most contacts were by youth workers.12.29
12.6.F-1 Length of Service Contact h (Model P 2 for covariates = 8.744 with 2 df, p = 0.013)*Outcome Predictor dfParameterEstimateStd.ErrorPr >P 2OddsRatioChange in Number of CloseGang FriendsDecrease (=1) vs Increase orSame (=0)Age19 & Over (=0), 17-18 (=1), 16 & Under (=2)Length of Service Contact (Number of Months)33 & More (=4), 22-32 (=3), 10-21 (=2), or 1-9 (1)1 0.121 0.219 0.581 1.1291 0.462 0.162 0.004** 1.587(12.6.F-2) Total Contacts per Month i (Model P 2 for covariates = 6.964 with 2 df, p = 0.031)*Outcome Predictor dfParameterEstimateStd.ErrorPr >P 2OddsRatioChange in Number of CloseGang FriendsDecrease (=1) vs Increase orSame (=0)Age19 & Over (=0), 17-18 (=1), 16 & Under (=2)Total Contacts per Month (Number of Contacts)5 & More (=4), 3-4 (=3), 2 (=2), or 1 (1)1 0.147 0.218 0.500 1.1591 0.417 0.163 0.011* 1.517For differences between groups: * p < .05; ** p < .01 .hLength of Service Contact (1-4) indicates total number of months being served by all workers (i.e. Police and Probation officers, Youth and NAGVworkers) during the program period. Most youths were served by youth workers.iTotal Contacts per Month (1-4) indicates sum of averaged number of contacts being served by all workers (i.e. Police and Probation officers,Youth and NAGV workers) during the program period. Most contacts were by youth workers.12.30
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FiguresFigure 2.1 - Youth Gang Crim
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Table 10.12 - Best Model Predicting
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Arrests, Youth With and Without “
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...................................
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Chapter 1Introduction and Review of
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Gang problems have radically increa
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for youth with school officials if
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various agencies sponsoring the you
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the specialized youth-gang projects
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ehavior of the youngsters residing
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work” (manpower training and job
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(separately from the efforts of TWO
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impact of CIN was not conducted (Cr
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procedures that have often been an
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developed programs to address the g
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members, representing 56 agencies i
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Grasmick (1993) recommend “the re
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and expulsion practices in dealing
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membership, school, job, and commun
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Assessment, planning and evaluation
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Human Services (DHS) was terminatin
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IVProgram StrategyThe strategy to a
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Community Advisory GroupA group of
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policies and procedures which affec
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component. The expectation was that
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social opportunities and mobilize c
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collective involvement of police, c
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Figure 2.1Youth Gang Crime: A Theor
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assistant to Alderman Guttierez, wh
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involved in the Project and believe
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pattern of communication between wo
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mainly in the late afternoon, night
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him.November 12, 7:00 PM. The 16-ye
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station intimidating local citizens
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Developing the Roles and Responsibi
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on individual contact with gang you
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individual youth. The completion of
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tactical officers were assigned ful
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disrespecting” the gang members.
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Probation would be contributing thr
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Department: “it appears criticall
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payment to Center staff for mainten
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Neighborhood Organization (UNO), th
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survey. The request was possibly re
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Gang Member Survey served both prog
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ideologies as they interacted and w
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their probation officers at probati
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peripheral, or associate gang membe
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This statement puzzled the rest of
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the development of the Project were
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from outside the community who inva
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not all activities or operations of
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Interrelated activity by Project pe
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with the same youth, then disagreed
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the father, in a federal penitentia
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gangs were to be provided outreach
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target youth to disassociate themse
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where the youth and gangs to which
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educational background or ability t
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areas. They were able to inconspicu
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out across racial or ethnic groups
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marched into the Two Six territory
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school to gain readmission to a reg
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would have to travel through enemy
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e more successful in the process of
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other youth.The youth work Supervis
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members, permitting the youth to st
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problems arose that affected the ne
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attles, or to take care of gang mem
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Project, wrote in one of his record
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officers of the violent crime unit
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Rolando, a former leader of a facti
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1. not give undue publicity to part
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double homicide. Manuel had grown u
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These expectations were not always
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not wearing a shirt. His old gang t
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former gang members, in a team arra
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the tactical officers. The adult pr
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field operations were expected to s
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expected to help probation respond
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Chicago Police Department. A key pr
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the CPD as the senior partner) in t
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past and present history of all Pro
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gangs as part of their police tacti
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say we’re just talking to these g
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R.C.We call the detectives to see i
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I.S.What are you doing that’s dif
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G.S.We locked this one guy up. He w
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indirectly at first where to go. It
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“a real good kid. This is the fir
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G.S.That’s part of the problem, y
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R.C.He’s not active in the gang,
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family, helping the worker get to a
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G.S.As we said before, before you g
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Chapter 7Community MobilizationIntr
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organizational processes which affe
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consistently made it clear that his
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do approach of the CPD. Citizen inv
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youth were also part of an illegal
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seeking applicants for jobs in boom
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part of the community.There appeare
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epresentatives of the Chicago Parks
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problem, especially as it affected
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In the application for funding to t
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with the African-American gang prob
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purpose of the meetings was to rais
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interagency meeting, which was fina
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provided to the state funding agenc
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activity, especially violence and g
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expelling more gang members than ev
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Chapter 8Characteristics of Program
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youth who entered the program in ov
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expectations, peer relationships, a
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To determine the representativeness
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neighborhood characteristics, as we
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was evidence, however, that some of
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legal sources; at Time II it was 71
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ehavior and arrests when we later e
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cultural institutions (e.g., povert
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prone to attacking the Latin Kings
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changed, and to what extent the red
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52.0% to 70.0% of the interview sam
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aspired to clerical, trade, and fac
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positive at Time I and Time III, bu
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in Little Village, who were gang me
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involved and violent youth and assi
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inaccuracies and inconsistencies in
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we excluded the twelve youth over 2
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(30.4%) and the comparison group (1
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violence which includes, in additio
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Chapter 9Program-Worker Contacts, S
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easons, failed to provide tracking
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Project police officers served or c
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in contact with a youth 13 times pe
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We describe the proportion of diffe
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younger youth) were provided with s
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involved in job-related contacts wi
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Youth Response to the ProjectFinall
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members of the two targeted gangs i
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individual youth in a group context
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Job-Related Services, the primary o
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Aggregating Types of Services (Acti
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workers. Of interest are the gang s
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proportion of younger or older gang
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Table 9.2Types of Services (Activit
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Table 9.4Type of Service (Activity)
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Table 9.6Job-Related Services, by T
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Table 9.8Criminal-Justice-Related S
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Table 9.10Aggregated Types of Perso
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Table 9.12Project Strategies, by Yo
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Table 9.14Services (Activities), by
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Chapter 10Self-Reported Offense, Ar
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7) breaking into a car and stealing
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Similar sharp declines in frequenci
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also in our analysis using official
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offense and arrest categories betwe
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(-48.3%). The least decline was for
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a crime in the community. All of th
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suppression effect, particularly at
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present at Time III. There are no s
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violence arrests and serious violen
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with offending behavior. In the res
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0.001), drug selling (r = 0.259, p
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Finally, we began to test the utili
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employment status (1= currently emp
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includes six variables: one control
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significance are: youth over 19 yea
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Our best model for predicting chang
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All of these reductions were highly
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it in the future; and the higher th
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The above models suggest that a var
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Table 10.2Mean Frequencies of Self-
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Offenses/Arrests bTable 10.4Mean Fr
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Table 10.6Mean Frequencies of Self-
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Table 10.8Self-Reported Offenses -
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Table 10.10Best Model Predicting Se
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Table 10.12Best Model Predicting Se
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Table 10.14Best Model Predicting Ch
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decreased or remained the same betw
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the types and scope of arrests, and
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Program-Period Arrest PatternsThe f
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p = 0.039. This model explains 43.6
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violence at Time I increases its ar
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Model IV: Property ArrestsThe same
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The drug-change model was construct
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Our analysis procedure is the same
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types of arrests, comparing Time I
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were at Time II, at least for relat
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Page 382 and 383: Four Levels of Arrests for theThree
Page 384 and 385: 11.3(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Tot
Page 386 and 387: 11.4(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Ser
Page 388 and 389: Table 11.5An Analysis of Variance o
Page 390 and 391: 11.5(f) Adjusted Mean Change in Tot
Page 392 and 393: 11.6(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Pro
Page 394 and 395: 11.7(c) Adjusted Mean Change in Dru
Page 396 and 397: Table 11.8An Analysis of Variance o
Page 398 and 399: 11.8(f) Adjusted Mean Change in Oth
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Page 402 and 403: Chapter 12Modeling Program Effects:
Page 404 and 405: variables. We used the number of an
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Page 410 and 411: and self-reported-offense variables
Page 412 and 413: Again, most variables are derived f
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Page 416 and 417: We try to identify those specific c
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Page 422 and 423: Table 12.1Pre-Program a Arrest Patt
Page 424 and 425: Table 12.3Best Model Predicting Cha
Page 426 and 427: Table 12.5Best Model Predicting Cha
Page 428 and 429: 12.6.B-1 Job Referral Success by Wo
Page 432 and 433: Chapter 13Typology of Gang YouthFor
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Page 438 and 439: “other” crimes. Nevertheless, f
Page 440 and 441: type of youth-arrestee subsample, i
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Page 444 and 445: these youth were represented in the
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Page 448 and 449: Total Arrests. In the model with th
Page 450 and 451: The 19-and-over program sample also
Page 452 and 453: We find similar and proportionate d
Page 454 and 455: Table 13.2Yearly Arrests of Youth i
Page 456 and 457: Table 13.3 continuedFootnotesaArres
Page 458 and 459: 13.4(c) Adjusted Mean Yearly Total
Page 460 and 461: 13.4(f) Adjusted Mean Yearly Total
Page 462 and 463: 13.5(c) Adjusted Mean Yearly Seriou
Page 464 and 465: Table 13.6Analysis of Variance of C
Page 466 and 467: 13.6(e) Adjusted Mean Yearly Total
Page 468 and 469: 13.7(c) Adjusted Mean Yearly Drug A
Page 470 and 471: Table 13.8Analysis of Variance of C
Page 472 and 473: 13.8(e) Adjusted Mean Yearly Other
Page 474 and 475: Chapter 14The Effectiveness of the
Page 476 and 477: of the specific types of services p
Page 478 and 479: The success rate was relatively hig
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in respect to the outcome or depend
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(odds ratio = 3.31) and the Latin K
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violent behavior, was associated wi
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drug arrests, in a model together w
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SummaryIn general, “very effectiv
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than do non-services contacts. The
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per youth, and the perceptions by t
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educing violence arrests, and viole
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assume, because of small size, that
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program subsample (39.1%). Also, th
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patterns, in particular types or co
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Table 14.1Summary of Logistic Regre
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Table 14.11Summary of Logistic Regr
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Table 14.19Comparison of Odds Ratio
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Table 14.21Most Serious Sentencing
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Table 14.23Arrestee Typology of You
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Chapter 15Aggregate-Level Changes I
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Comparable Police Districts and Bea
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and aggravated assaults with a hand
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Section I[Refer to Tables 15.1 to 1
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It is also important to note that l
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target gangs during the last two ye
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than the average percentage increas
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number of offenders in the District
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involved in drug arrests. Again, a
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accounted for only a small increase
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Table 15.1 aGang Incident Data - Vi
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Table 15.3 aGang Incident Data - To
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Table 15.5 aGang Incident Data - Dr
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Table 15.7 aGang Offender Data - Vi
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Table 15.9 aGang Offender Data - Vi
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Table 15.11 aGang Offender Data - V
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Table 15.13 aGang Offender Data - L
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Table 15.15 aGang Offender Data - A
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Table 15.17 aGang Offender Data - A
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Table 15.19 aGang Offender Data - W
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Table 15.21 aGang Offender Data - D
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Table 15.23 aGang Offender Data - D
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Table 15.25 aGang Offender Data - F
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Table 15.27 aNon-Gang Incidents - V
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years of its existence than in the
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crime is best sustained during both
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Figure 15.1AComparison of Average Y
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Figure 15.3ATen-Year Trend of Gang
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Figure 15.1BComparison of Average Y
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Figure 15.3BSix-Year Trend of Gang
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the gang problem (i.e., number of s
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Section IVwith Rolando V. SosaIncid
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SummaryThe aggregate patterns of ch
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Village the serious gang violence r
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cultural, and health institutions s
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II. While every attempt was made to
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worse had dropped by almost half be
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few respondents in either community
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Pilsen). These declines between tim
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I (n = 94) to 20.0% at Time II (n =
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(Chisquare = 4.723, df = 1, p # 0.0
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territory), there was no longer a s
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increase in Little Village can be a
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Time I and Time II. Slightly more o
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can be associated with the GVRP (pa
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Pilsen respondents did. Pilsen repr
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and from 84.5% to 67.3% in Pilsen (
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educe the presence of gangs in the
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followed by improved schools, incre
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particular, were less afraid in the
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Table 16.1Community Characteristics
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Table 16.3Problems in the Community
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Table 16.5Gang-Motivated and Non Ga
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Table 16.7What Police Do to Deal wi
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Table 16.9Amount of Gang-Motivated
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Table 16.11What Police Do to Deal w
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Table 16.13Organizations Believe Co
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Table 16.15Amount of Gang-Motivated
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Table 16.17What Probation Officers
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he quickly assumed coordination and
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• Communication: Perhaps more imp
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to your proposal.”In a November 1
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foundations, and other sources. The
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knowledge or permission of the Coor
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although we expect to expand many e
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Project staff were notified of prog
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police, probation and youth workers
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ideological terms between 1992 and
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esponsibility of Project operations
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• Program features: The program h
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In a November 1996 monthly report,
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activities with adult probation. Th
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conflict with each other. MLG and t
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program might look like.We have ben
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arrangement was delayed and interru
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CPD and CCDAP probably did not clea
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18.18
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Carney, Frank J., Hans W. Mattick a
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Klein, Malcolm W. 1968 (July). The
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Short, James F., Jr, and Fred L. St
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Swans, Bennie J. 1981 (May 11). Cri
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The Little Village Gang Violence Reduction Project in Chicago

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