Advances in Water Treatment and Enviromental Management

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ADSORPTION OF TRIHALOMETHANES ON TO ZEOLITES 185(4) Owing to the low concentrations of THM, accurate and repeatable analyticaltechniques are essential for measurement of solution concentrations.PROCEDUREOrganic-free water is prepared by distillation and then passed through anactivated carbon filter. Purity is verified by gas chromatographic analysis.Standard solutions are then prepared by addition of accurate volumes of THM bymicropipette, with subsequent dilution for lower concentrations in the µg l- 1 range.The adsorbent is prepared by heating in a closed porcelain crucible for 4 hours at400°C immediately prior to each experimental run. A measured weight ofadsorbent is then contacted with a known volume of THM solution of knownconcentration in a screw-topped glass bottle. The bottle is then agitated in aconstant temperature shaker bath for 18 hours, to attain equilibrium. Similarbottles with different concentrations of THM are also shaken, along with controlbottles with no adsorbent. After equilibrium is reached, the concentration of theTHM is measured using a Perkin Elmer 8410 gas chromatograph fitted with a30m×0.25mm J & W fused silica capillary column (DB-5 stationary phase), anelectron capture detector and an HS-6 headspace analyser. The chromatograph iscalibrated with standard solutions of the relevant THM.From a simple mass balance, the quantity of THM taken up by the adsorbent fromthe solution can be calculated for each equilibrium concentration.For the kinetic work, a number of identical bottles containing an equal volume andconcentration of THM solution in contact with a known weight of adsorbent areshaken for 24 hours. Samples are taken from different bottles at progressive timesover the 24 hour period and the concentration of THM measured as before. Controlbottles with no adsorbent are also shaken and analysed. All equilibrium andkinetic experiments are carried out at a water bath temperature of 20°C.RESULTSA typical isotherm for a silicalite/chloroform/water system is shown in Figure 2,for the 0–1000 mg/l equilibrium concentration range. The data obtained is fittedwell by the standard Freundlich isotherm equation:(1)
186 WATER TREATMENTwhere q e = mass of THM adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent at equilibrium(g g-1 )C e = concentration of THM in the bulk solution at equilibrium (µg -1)Kp = Freundlich constant= Freundlich constant (dimensionless)Taking logs of equation (1) yields:(2)Therefore a plot of log q e versus log C e over a range of concentrations should yield astraight line whose intercept and slope give values for K F and respectively. Such aFig 2 IsothermCHCL3/Silicalite SystemFig 3 Freundlich PlotCHCL3/Silicalite System
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ADVANCES INWATER TREATMENTANDENVIRO
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTDCrow
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PART VI—RIVERS AND RIVER MANAGEME
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FOREWORDThe quality of the environm
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PART IPolicy matters
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ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP: THE ROLE
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18 WATER TREATMENTTable 1: Comparis
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EUROPEAN DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 2
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Chapter 3COST ESTIMATION OF DIFFERE
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COST OF DIFFERENT WATER QUALITY PRO
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32 WATER TREATMENTThe Act enabled t
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34 WATER TREATMENTSome of the descr
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36 WATER TREATMENTTable III: Parame
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38 WATER TREATMENT8.3 Deficiencies
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40 WATER TREATMENTAPPENDIXSCHEDULE
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Chapter 5CONTROL OF DANGEROUSSUBSTA
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CONTROL OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES IN
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Chapter 6THE GREATER LYON EMERGENCY
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GREATER LYON EMERGENCY WATER INSTAL
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Chapter 7EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THEEXPL
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EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR PURIFICATION STA
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EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR PURIFICATION STA
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Chapter 8APPLYING TECHNOLOGY TO THE
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APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN A PRIVATISED
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APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN A PRIVATISED
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76 WATER TREATMENTPublic awareness
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78 WATER TREATMENTcontrol system. T
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80 WATER TREATMENTFIGURE 2
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82 WATER TREATMENTFilter 1 continue
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84 WATER TREATMENTThe tank was cons
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86 WATER TREATMENTThe supernatant l
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Chapter 10PLANT MONITORING ANDCONTR
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PLANT MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
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106 WATER TREATMENTFIG. 2 COMBINING
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108 WATER TREATMENT- Operational co
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110 WATER TREATMENTFIG. 6 PS1 PUMP
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112 WATER TREATMENThrs to prevent r
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114 WATER TREATMENTDecision support
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Chapter 12GAS LIQUID MIXING AND MAS
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GAS LIQUID MIXING AND MASS TRANSFER
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5. Waste Water Processing Technique
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In summary, to quote reference 10,
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PART IVControl and measurementtechn
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132 WATER TREATMENTThese perceived
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Page 176 and 177: Chapter 16COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OFL
Page 178 and 179: COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF LIQUID/LIQ
Page 184 and 185: Chapter 17UNDERSTANDING THE FOULING
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Page 192 and 193: Chapter 18ADSORPTION OFTRIHALOMETHA
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Page 202 and 203: Chapter 19DEVELOPMENTS IN IONEXCHAN
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Page 215 and 216: 204 WATER TREATMENTThe investigatio
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Page 230 and 231: Chapter 21GREEN ENGINEERING: THE CA
Page 232 and 233: GREEN ENGINEERING: THE CASE OF LAND
Page 234 and 235: Chapter 22PREVENTION OF WATERPOLLUT
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Page 242 and 243: Chapter 23THE RIVER FANE FLOWREGULA
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RIVER FANE FLOW REGULATION SCHEME 2
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Chapter 24RIBBLE ESTUARY WATER QUAL
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RIBBLE ESTUARY WATER QUALITY IMPROV
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256 WATER TREATMENTThe long term ef
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258 WATER TREATMENTIn the bottom of
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260 WATER TREATMENT7.1 Efficiency o
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262 WATER TREATMENT8. THE RESULTS8.
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264 WATER TREATMENTSS and AramN lev
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266 WATER TREATMENT8.5 RainfallRain
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268 WATER TREATMENTsimultaneously.
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Advances in Water Treatment and Enviromental Management

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