Advances in Water Treatment and Enviromental Management

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Chapter 25ADVANCES IN WATER TREATMENTAND ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT: A STUDY OFPOLLUTION CONTROL AT ASTORMWATER OVERFLOWN J Bennett and R V Farraday (Balfour Maunsell Ltd, UK)In the United Kingdom pollution of beaches and inland waterways hasbecome a serious environmental issue demanding urgent attention. Pressurefrom the general public and from EC legislation is mounting on authoritiesto improve the present level of service.Stormwater overflows are regarded as transient, intermittent point sourcesof pollution. There are numerous reports which conclude that pollutionarising from Stormwater overflows can account for the majority of pollutionproblems experienced in water courses and on beaches.Southern Water pic are addressing the problem of the polluting influence ofStormwater overflows on receiving waters by installing Storm King Overflowsfor removing solids from sewage and Stormwater. A Storm King Overflowhas no moving parts, needs no power to operate and is self-cleansing.Southern Water has installed five such devices on a sewerage system inBexhill, Sussex England to control and screen Stormwater before dischargeinto an adjacent stream. Balfour Maunsell Ltd. has been commissioned toevaluate the “treatment” efficiency of one of these installations.The research programme involves monitoring the frequency of dischargeand determining the long term effects of discharge on the receiving stream.Efficiency is being measured both in chemical terms, using automaticsampling devices on the inlet and outlet pipes, and in aesthetic terms bycollecting from the stream, material which can be described as being ofsewage origin. Flows through the Storm King Overflow and in the streamare also being recorded.© 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd, EnglandWater Treatment—Proceedings of the 1st International Conference, pp.255–270255
256 WATER TREATMENTThe long term effect of storm discharges on the stream is being measuredin biological, bacteriological and chemical terms. Biological analysis examinesthe presence of invertebrate fauna using the BMWP score and ASPTtechniques. Bacteriological and chemical sampling involves the measurementof coliforms, faecal streptococci, BOD, suspended solids and ammonia fromfive sites along the receiving stream.The project is ongoing and the findings to date are reported in this paper.1. INTRODUCTIONIn the United Kingdom pollution of beaches and inland waterways hasbecome a serious environmental issue demanding urgent attention. Thedemands of EC directives have increased public awareness of bacteriologicaland other standards to be achieved at bathing beaches and there has beena lot of activity on the control of pollution in the environment. Stormwateroverflows are regarded as transient, intermittent point sources of pollution.There are numerous reports (1) which conclude that pollution arising fromstormwater overflows can account for the majority of pollution problemsexperienced in watercourses and on beaches. But, more information isrequired on the effects of stormwater on the environment.2. PRESENT PRACTICEIn general, standard practice in the United Kingdom concentrates on thefunction of a stormwater overflow as a “flow splitter” to remove excessvolumes of storm sewage from a foul sewer with inadequate hydrauliccapacity. In consequence, there has been much attention paid to stormwateroverflow settings.For example, the recommendation by the original Ministry of Health of settingstorm overflows at 6×DWF, providing full treatment for 3×DWF andsettlement for flows from 3–6×DWF in storm tanks regardless of thesomewhat obscure origins of these recommendations, have been in use formany years.This recommendation was modified on slightly more rational grounds bythe Technical Committee on Storm Overflows(2), with the production ofFormula ‘A’commonly regarded as the present standardThe development of computers and advanced mathematical techniques hasenabled further refinement and it is now normal to assess a sewerage systemand the impact of an overflow on the hydraulics of a system using a designpackage such as WASSP or WALLRUS.The question of the polluting influence of stormwater overflows on thereceiving waters environment has been basically neglected.
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ADVANCES INWATER TREATMENTANDENVIRO
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ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTDCrow
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PART VI—RIVERS AND RIVER MANAGEME
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FOREWORDThe quality of the environm
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PART IPolicy matters
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ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP: THE ROLE
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18 WATER TREATMENTTable 1: Comparis
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EUROPEAN DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 2
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Chapter 3COST ESTIMATION OF DIFFERE
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COST OF DIFFERENT WATER QUALITY PRO
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32 WATER TREATMENTThe Act enabled t
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34 WATER TREATMENTSome of the descr
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36 WATER TREATMENTTable III: Parame
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38 WATER TREATMENT8.3 Deficiencies
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40 WATER TREATMENTAPPENDIXSCHEDULE
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Chapter 5CONTROL OF DANGEROUSSUBSTA
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CONTROL OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES IN
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Chapter 6THE GREATER LYON EMERGENCY
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GREATER LYON EMERGENCY WATER INSTAL
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Chapter 7EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THEEXPL
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EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR PURIFICATION STA
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EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR PURIFICATION STA
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Chapter 8APPLYING TECHNOLOGY TO THE
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APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN A PRIVATISED
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APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN A PRIVATISED
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76 WATER TREATMENTPublic awareness
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78 WATER TREATMENTcontrol system. T
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80 WATER TREATMENTFIGURE 2
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82 WATER TREATMENTFilter 1 continue
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84 WATER TREATMENTThe tank was cons
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86 WATER TREATMENTThe supernatant l
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Chapter 10PLANT MONITORING ANDCONTR
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PLANT MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
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106 WATER TREATMENTFIG. 2 COMBINING
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108 WATER TREATMENT- Operational co
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110 WATER TREATMENTFIG. 6 PS1 PUMP
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112 WATER TREATMENThrs to prevent r
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114 WATER TREATMENTDecision support
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Chapter 12GAS LIQUID MIXING AND MAS
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GAS LIQUID MIXING AND MASS TRANSFER
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5. Waste Water Processing Technique
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In summary, to quote reference 10,
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PART IVControl and measurementtechn
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132 WATER TREATMENTThese perceived
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134 WATER TREATMENTSuch deteriorati
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136 WATER TREATMENTresources throug
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138 WATER TREATMENTMobile equipment
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Chapter 14MEASUREMENTS OF MASSTRANS
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MEASUREMENTS OF MASS TRANSFER IN A
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PART VTreatment: innovation andappl
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158 WATER TREATMENTiii)iv)The progr
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160 WATER TREATMENTof its generatio
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162 WATER TREATMENTA last point of
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Chapter 16COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OFL
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COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF LIQUID/LIQ
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Chapter 17UNDERSTANDING THE FOULING
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FOULING PHENOMENON IN CROSS-FLOW MI
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Chapter 18ADSORPTION OFTRIHALOMETHA
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ADSORPTION OF TRIHALOMETHANES ON TO
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Chapter 19DEVELOPMENTS IN IONEXCHAN
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DEVELOPMENTS IN ION EXCHANGE DENITR
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200 WATER TREATMENTL m = molar liqu
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202 WATER TREATMENTliquid-liquid ex
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Page 234 and 235: Chapter 22PREVENTION OF WATERPOLLUT
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