Advances in Water Treatment and Enviromental Management

More documents

Recommendations

Info

WATER SUPPLY QUALITY IN PRIVATISED UK WATER SERVICES 39could not be included but might be passed on to customers via regulated charges at a laterdate. The £10 billion programme does not include the cost of remedial measures for much ofthe PAH, pesticide or lead problems.10 CONCLUSIONSTable V: Summary of water supply investment 1990—2000.(November 1989 prices).The quality and monitoring of water supplies in England and Wales is now specified by waterquality regulations, which incorporate the standards of the EC Drinking Water directive andsome additional standards, and specify the frequency of sampling and analysis. Supplies arerequired to meet the majority of these standards for every sample examined. Compared withan earlier interpretation of the Directive, the stricter standards have resulted in some suppliesfailing to comply. The Water Services companies established by the privatisation of the tenregional water authorities have been granted relaxations of some parameters for definedareas and for others the Secretary of State has accepted undertakings from them to carry outimprovements to an agreed timetable. The most widespread non-compliance is for iron andrelated parameters from distribution systems and aluminium, iron and pesticide at treatmentworks. Investigation of potential non-compliance with the more stringent lead standard isrequired due to lead from domestic plumbing materials. Programmes of improvement shouldbe completed for most water treatment problems by 1995 but the scale of the programme ofwater mains rehabilitation will require at least ten years for its completion. The estimatedcost for problems with known solutions is £10billion for England and Wales.11 REFERENCESDoE 1982: Department of the Environment/Welsh Office. Circular 20/82: EC Directive relating to theQuality of Water intended for Human Consumption (80/778/EEC). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,London.DoE 1989: Guidance on Safeguarding the Quality of Public Water Supplies. Her Majesty’s StationeryOffice, London.EC 1975: Council Directive 75/440/EEC. Quality required of surface water intended for the abstractionof drinking water. Official Journal No. L194, 25.7.1975, p34.EC 1980: Council Directive 80/778/EEC. Relating to the quality of water intended for human consumption.Official Journal No.HMSO 1989a: Water Act 1989. Chapter 15. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.HMSO 1989b: The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989, Statutory Instrument 1989 No.1147.Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.HMSO 1989c: The Water Supply (Water Quality) (Amendment) Regulations 1989 Statutory InstrumentNo. 1384. Her Majesty’s stationery Office, London.Miller 1990: Paper from Bureau 1 meeting, Paris, January 1990. Adaptation of Drinking Water Directive.Comments on Individual Parameters. D.G.Miller, Water Reserch Centre.Schroder 1989: The Water Share Offer, Pathfinder Prospectus. J. Henry Schroder Wagg & Co. London.W.H.O. 1984: Guidelines for Drinking—water Quality, Vol.1 Recommendations. World HealthOrganisation, Geneva.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe author acknowledges the contribution made to this paper by many unnamed employeesof the former water authorities and their advisers in drafting the Prospectus for the WaterShare offer. The presentation of this paper has been approved by Gareth Jones, Director ofScience and Quality, Wessex Water Business Services Ltd., but the views expressed are theauthor’s and do not necessarily represent those of the Company.
40 WATER TREATMENTAPPENDIXSCHEDULE OF WATER SUPPLY QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ENGLAND AND WALESAverage trihalomethanes (the sum of trichlorome thane, dichlorobromomethane,dibromochloromethane and tribromomethane) not to exceed 100 µg/1; if less than four samplesper year each sample not to exceed the limit.PRESCRIBED CONCENTRATIONS OR VALUESTABLE ANote (i) See regulation 3(5).(ii) If silver is used in a water treatment process, 80 may be substituted for 10.
Page 2 and 3: ADVANCES INWATER TREATMENTANDENVIRO
Page 5 and 6: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTDCrow
Page 7 and 8: PART VI—RIVERS AND RIVER MANAGEME
Page 9 and 10: FOREWORDThe quality of the environm
Page 12: PART IPolicy matters
Page 16 and 17: ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP: THE ROLE
Page 26: ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP: THE ROLE
Page 29: 18 WATER TREATMENTTable 1: Comparis
Page 32 and 33: EUROPEAN DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 2
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 3COST ESTIMATION OF DIFFERE
Page 36 and 37: COST OF DIFFERENT WATER QUALITY PRO
Page 38 and 39: COST OF DIFFERENT WATER QUALITY PRO
Page 40: COST OF DIFFERENT WATER QUALITY PRO
Page 43 and 44: 32 WATER TREATMENTThe Act enabled t
Page 45 and 46: 34 WATER TREATMENTSome of the descr
Page 47 and 48: 36 WATER TREATMENTTable III: Parame
Page 49: 38 WATER TREATMENT8.3 Deficiencies
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 5CONTROL OF DANGEROUSSUBSTA
Page 56 and 57: CONTROL OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES IN
Page 64: CONTROL OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES IN
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 6THE GREATER LYON EMERGENCY
Page 70 and 71: GREATER LYON EMERGENCY WATER INSTAL
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 7EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR THEEXPL
Page 74 and 75: EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR PURIFICATION STA
Page 76: EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR PURIFICATION STA
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 8APPLYING TECHNOLOGY TO THE
Page 82 and 83: APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN A PRIVATISED
Page 84: APPLYING TECHNOLOGY IN A PRIVATISED
Page 87 and 88: 76 WATER TREATMENTPublic awareness
Page 89 and 90: 78 WATER TREATMENTcontrol system. T
Page 91 and 92: 80 WATER TREATMENTFIGURE 2
Page 93 and 94: 82 WATER TREATMENTFilter 1 continue
Page 95 and 96: 84 WATER TREATMENTThe tank was cons
Page 97 and 98: 86 WATER TREATMENTThe supernatant l
Page 100 and 101:
Chapter 10PLANT MONITORING ANDCONTR
Page 102 and 103:
PLANT MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114:
Page 117 and 118:
106 WATER TREATMENTFIG. 2 COMBINING
Page 119 and 120:
108 WATER TREATMENT- Operational co
Page 121 and 122:
110 WATER TREATMENTFIG. 6 PS1 PUMP
Page 123 and 124:
112 WATER TREATMENThrs to prevent r
Page 125 and 126:
114 WATER TREATMENTDecision support
Page 128 and 129:
Chapter 12GAS LIQUID MIXING AND MAS
Page 130 and 131:
GAS LIQUID MIXING AND MASS TRANSFER
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
5. Waste Water Processing Technique
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
In summary, to quote reference 10,
Page 140:
PART IVControl and measurementtechn
Page 143 and 144:
132 WATER TREATMENTThese perceived
Page 145 and 146:
134 WATER TREATMENTSuch deteriorati
Page 147 and 148:
136 WATER TREATMENTresources throug
Page 149 and 150:
138 WATER TREATMENTMobile equipment
Page 152 and 153:
Chapter 14MEASUREMENTS OF MASSTRANS
Page 154 and 155:
MEASUREMENTS OF MASS TRANSFER IN A
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166:
PART VTreatment: innovation andappl
Page 169 and 170:
158 WATER TREATMENTiii)iv)The progr
Page 171 and 172:
160 WATER TREATMENTof its generatio
Page 173 and 174:
162 WATER TREATMENTA last point of
Page 176 and 177:
Chapter 16COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OFL
Page 178 and 179:
COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF LIQUID/LIQ
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Chapter 17UNDERSTANDING THE FOULING
Page 186 and 187:
FOULING PHENOMENON IN CROSS-FLOW MI
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Chapter 18ADSORPTION OFTRIHALOMETHA
Page 194 and 195:
ADSORPTION OF TRIHALOMETHANES ON TO
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Chapter 19DEVELOPMENTS IN IONEXCHAN
Page 204 and 205:
DEVELOPMENTS IN ION EXCHANGE DENITR
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208:
Page 211 and 212:
200 WATER TREATMENTL m = molar liqu
Page 213 and 214:
202 WATER TREATMENTliquid-liquid ex
Page 215 and 216:
204 WATER TREATMENTThe investigatio
Page 217 and 218:
206 WATER TREATMENTAn additional 14
Page 219 and 220:
208 WATER TREATMENTFig. 7b Concentr
Page 221 and 222:
210 WATER TREATMENTTABLE 1Design pa
Page 223 and 224:
212 WATER TREATMENTTABLE 2Performan
Page 225 and 226:
214 WATER TREATMENTdosing of Calgon
Page 227 and 228:
216 WATER TREATMENTGreen D W & Molo
Page 230 and 231:
Chapter 21GREEN ENGINEERING: THE CA
Page 232 and 233:
GREEN ENGINEERING: THE CASE OF LAND
Page 234 and 235:
Chapter 22PREVENTION OF WATERPOLLUT
Page 236 and 237:
NON-POINT DISCHARGES FROM URBAN ARE
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Chapter 23THE RIVER FANE FLOWREGULA
Page 244 and 245:
RIVER FANE FLOW REGULATION SCHEME 2
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252:
Page 256 and 257:
Chapter 24RIBBLE ESTUARY WATER QUAL
Page 258 and 259:
RIBBLE ESTUARY WATER QUALITY IMPROV
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264:
Page 267 and 268:
256 WATER TREATMENTThe long term ef
Page 269 and 270:
258 WATER TREATMENTIn the bottom of
Page 271 and 272:
260 WATER TREATMENT7.1 Efficiency o
Page 273 and 274:
262 WATER TREATMENT8. THE RESULTS8.
Page 275 and 276:
264 WATER TREATMENTSS and AramN lev
Page 277 and 278:
266 WATER TREATMENT8.5 RainfallRain
Page 279 and 280:
268 WATER TREATMENTsimultaneously.
show all

Advances in Water Treatment and Enviromental Management

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?