5 th <strong>European</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Virology</strong>isolation <strong>of</strong> viruses in cell cultures has proved to be an interesting tool toinvestigate the circulation <strong>of</strong> eventual PV. Also, the surveillance <strong>of</strong> NPEVmight allow us to associate any outbreaks <strong>of</strong> HEV infection in the populationwith the constant presence <strong>of</strong> certain viral serotypes in the raw sewagesamples.REF 385Epidemiological Surveillance <strong>of</strong> Measles in the North Central Region<strong>of</strong> Emilia Romagna, ItalyGiulia PICCIRILLI 1 , Maria Grazia PASCUCCI 2 , Liliana GABRIELLI 1 ,Bianca Maria BORRINI 2 , Laura MOSCHELLA 2 , Gabriella FRASCA 2 ,Alba Carola FINARELLI 2 , Angela CHIEREGHIN 1 , EvangeliaPETRISLI 1 , Maria Paola LANDINI 1 , Tiziana LAZZAROTTO 11 Operative Unit <strong>of</strong> Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory <strong>of</strong> <strong>Virology</strong>, StOrsola Malpighi General Hospital, University <strong>of</strong> Bologna, Bologna,ITALY; 2 Public Health Service, Emilia Romagna Region, Bologna, ITALYIntroduction: Measles is the most frequent cause <strong>of</strong> vaccine preventablechildhood deaths. The WHO’s <strong>European</strong> Regional Committee has set 2015as the target year for the elimination <strong>of</strong> Measles Virus (MV) from allmember states. As in other <strong>European</strong> countries, various measles outbreakshave recently occurred in Italy. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this study was to confirmsuspected cases <strong>of</strong> measles and identify the MV genotypes circulating inEmilia Romagna Region from April 2010 to June 2012. Material andMethods: The samples tested (156 urine, 5 saliva) were related to 161index cases <strong>of</strong> the various outbreaks recorded in Emilia Romagna. Allsamples were subjected to F gene amplification by single round PCR.Only positive samples were subjected to subsequent amplification <strong>of</strong> Ngene a region (450 nucleotides <strong>of</strong> the COOH terminal) by nested PCR,for molecular characterization <strong>of</strong> the virus isolated. Results: Out <strong>of</strong> 161samples, 100 (62.1%) showed positive results for MV genome detection.To date, 90 out <strong>of</strong> 100 positive samples were subjected to genotypinganalysis. Four different genotypes were identified, D4 (47/90; 52.2%), D8(36/90; 40%), D9 (1/90; 1.1%) and B3 (6/90; 6.7%). Conclusion: Ourdata show the circulation <strong>of</strong> a limited number <strong>of</strong> viral genotypes exactlyas described for all countries with endemic transmission <strong>of</strong> MV. On thecontrary, reports from countries in MV elimination phase show that thereis the co circulation <strong>of</strong> more strains. The predominant genotype circulatingin Emilia Romagna is the D4 genotype which is prevalent throughout Italyas well as in other <strong>European</strong> countries.the ESU showed that the percentage <strong>of</strong> affected children aged 0 9 yearsis significantly decreasing while the number <strong>of</strong> affected individuals aged10 39 years is increasing with time. Furthermore the seroprevalence dataon the healthy Lebanese adults did not exceed 72% and this was remarkablylower when compared to earlier studies in Lebanese adults. Bothobservations confirm HAV epidemiological shift in Lebanon and hencean increased risk <strong>of</strong> HAV outbreaks among adults. Conclusion: In mostMENA countries including Lebanon a campaign for universal childhoodHAV vaccine should be implemented. A catch up vaccination approachdirected at 10-50 years <strong>of</strong> age groups should also be considered.REF 387Risk factors for swine Influenza in different States In MexicoEdith ROJAS ANAYA 1 , Catalina TUFIÑO LOZA 1 , Elizabeth LOZARUBIO 1 , Jose Juan MARTINEZ MAYA 2 , Fernando DIOSDADO 1 ,Atalo MARTINEZ LARA 1 , Luis GÓMEZ NÚÑEZ 1 , Maria EugeniaMANJARREZ 3 , Carlos CABELLO 3 , Dionicio CORDOVA 1 , ArturoGARCIA 11 CENID Microbiología, INIFAP, México city, MEXICO; 2 FMVZ UNAM,México city, MÉXICO; 3 INER, México city, MÉXICOIn Mexico, there are few studies about risk factors involved in the spread<strong>of</strong> influenza virus in swine farms. The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to identify riskfactors for swine flu virus in the states <strong>of</strong> Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi,Queretaro, Michoacán and Jalisco. 2048 samples were taken from 256pig farms in order to determine serological frequencies <strong>of</strong> endemic H1N1,H3N2 and pandemic H1N1using inhibition hemagglutination test. Identification<strong>of</strong> possible risk factors associated with exposure <strong>of</strong> each subtype,was made by Chi square, Odds ratio <strong>of</strong> 0.05 with a significance and alogistic regression analysis for factors with a value <strong>of</strong> P 1, P
5 th <strong>European</strong> <strong>Congress</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Virology</strong>anti HCV were part <strong>of</strong> the technical staff, which practically excludes theirlikelihood <strong>of</strong> infection in hemodialysis units. In the south <strong>of</strong> the country thestudy was conducted in one hemodialysis unit. For anti HCV marker wereinvestigated 34 blood samples from patients, <strong>of</strong> which 11 (32,3%) werepositive. Samples from health workers, numbering 9, were negative for antiHCV marker. Overall, the level <strong>of</strong> infected hemodialysis patients is 39%,and among medical staff <strong>of</strong> hemodialysis units 5,7%, higher, compared tothe estimated index in the general population 3,5%.REF 389Serodiagnostic studies <strong>of</strong> human parvovirus 4Kestutis SASNAUSKAS 1 , Paulius TAMOSIUNAS 1 , KarolisSIMUTIS 1 , Indre KODZE 1 , Regina FIRANTIENE 2 , ReginaEMUZYTE 2 , Rasa BURNEIKIENE 1 , Aurelija ZVIRBLIENE 11 Institute <strong>of</strong> Biotechnology <strong>of</strong> Vilnius university, Vilnius, LITHUANIA;2 Faculty <strong>of</strong> Medicine <strong>of</strong> Vilnius university, Vilnius, LITHUANIAHuman parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a recently discovered new member <strong>of</strong>the Parvoviridea family not closely related to any <strong>of</strong> the known humanparvoviruses. PARV4 has been isolated from plasma <strong>of</strong> individuals withsymptoms <strong>of</strong> acute viral infection, however, till now PARV4 has not beenassociated with any disease and its prevalence in human population is notyet clearly established. In the current study, the major capsid protein VP2<strong>of</strong> PARV4 was generated in yeast Sacharomyces cerevisiae and used forserological detection <strong>of</strong> virus specific IgG and IgM in the sera <strong>of</strong> lowrisk individuals. One hundred seventy serum specimens obtained frompatients with acute respiratory diseases were tested for PARV4 specificIgG and IgM antibodies. Sixteen (9.4%) seropositive individuals werediagnosed, including 10 IgG positive, 12 IgM positive and 6 both IgGand IgM positive. Seven <strong>of</strong> 16 seropositive individuals were 3 11 yearsold children. None <strong>of</strong> them had an evidence <strong>of</strong> parenteral exposure toPARV4 infection. Our data demonstrate that recombinant yeast derivedVP2 protein self assembled to virus like particles represent a useful tool forstudying the seroprevalence <strong>of</strong> PARV4 infection. The presence <strong>of</strong> PARV4specific antibodies in a low risk group may indicate the possibility <strong>of</strong>alternative routes <strong>of</strong> virus transmission.REF 390Anti HTLV I/II Seroprevalance in healthy blood donors in Izmir,Turkey. The first diagnosed two cases in TurkeyRuchan SERTOZ 1,2 , Ajda TURHAN 2 , Aysu DEGIRMENCI 2 , ServetBIÇEROGLU 2 , Bahar BASKIR 3 , Selda ERENSOY 1 , YesimAYDINOK 21 Ege University Medical Faculty Clinical Microbiology Department,Izmir, TURKEY; 2 Ege University Medical Faculty Blood Bank, Izmir,TURKEY; 3 Ankara University Statistics Department, Ankara, TURKEYHuman T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV I) is the first humanretrovirus to be associated with malignant disease namely, adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma.HTLV I has also been associated with several diseases.HTLV I has a worldwide distribution with major endemic foci in the Caribbeanand Southern Japan. HTLV II is a closely related retrovirus that sharesconsiderable genomic homology with HTLV I but has not been proven tobe a pathogen. Major routes <strong>of</strong> transmission are blood transfusion, breastmilk and sexual activity. In this study, we examined the seroprevalance <strong>of</strong>HTLV I/II among healthy blood donors attended to Ege University Hospitalin Izmir. 50.000 healthy blood donors were examined for the presence<strong>of</strong> anti HTLV I/II antibody in their sera. Serum specimens were testedwith an enzyme immunoassay (ARCHITECT rHTLV I/II Reagent kit,Germany). Borderline and positive reactivity was investigated repeatedly.HTLV/II confirmatory test (INNO LIA HTLV I/II, Innogenetics, Ghent,Belgium) was used for confirmation <strong>of</strong> repeatedly reactive samples. Pearson’scorrelation analysis, hierarchical clustering methods (HierarchicalCluster Analysis Methods) were used for statistical analysis. 54 sampleswere repeatedly reactive and two were confirmed positive. Two donors arethe first HTLV confirmed donors in Turkey. Screening <strong>of</strong> blood donors forHTLV I/II, risk and cost effective analysis and management <strong>of</strong> positivedonors must be discussed.REF 391Does the distribution <strong>of</strong> HBV strains in blood donors reflect that <strong>of</strong>HBV strains circulating in the general population?Tatjana TALLO 1,2 , Diana MOOR 1 , Irina RESHETNJAK 1 , TatianaKUZNETSOVA 1 , Tatjana PLAHHOVA 3 , Valentina TEFANOVA 1 ,Helene NORDER 2,41 National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, ESTONIA; 2 SwedishInstitute for Communicable Disease Control, Solna, SWEDEN; 3 NorthEstonain Medical Centre Blood Centre, Tallinn, ESTONIA; 4 GöteborgsUniversitet, Göteborg, SWEDENAn unremunerated blood donation system was introduced in Estonia in2004. We compared demographic characteristics, HBsAg prevalence andrelative HBV genotype/subgenotype distribution in donors before (1998-2003) and after (2004-2009) the introduction <strong>of</strong> this system. We alsostudied whether distribution <strong>of</strong> HBV strains in donors reflected that <strong>of</strong>HBV strains circulating in the population.121 out <strong>of</strong> a total <strong>of</strong> 208 (58.2%)HBsAg positive sera were selected for the present study. From these, 82and 39 sera were collected during 1998-2003 and 2004-2007, respectively.After introduction <strong>of</strong> the unremunerated blood donation system in Estonia,the total number <strong>of</strong> blood donors, donations as well as the number <strong>of</strong>repeated donors increased by factors <strong>of</strong> 1.2, 1.1 and 1.4 times, respectively.HBsAg prevalence decreased by 2.4 and 3.5 times, respectively. For 1998-2003, HBV strains were classified into genotype D (75%) – subgenotypesD1 16%, D2 66%, D3 18%; genotype A (22%) subgenotype A2 100%, andgenotype C (3%). For 2004-2007, the distribution was: genotype D (91%)– subgenotypes D1 26%, D2 – 44%, D3 – 29%, and genotype A (9%) –subgenotype A2 100%. Introduction <strong>of</strong> the unremunerated blood donationsystem in Estonia was effective in improving the quality <strong>of</strong> donors. Basedon the analysis <strong>of</strong> previously published data, epidemiological and phylogeneticdata we can conclude that distribution <strong>of</strong> HBV strains in blooddonors independently on blood donation system may reflect strains naturallycirculating in general population as well as an ongoing indigenousepidemiological processes.REF 392Mumps in vaccinated adolescents – Portugal 2012/2013Elsa VINAGRE 1 , Paula PALMINHA 1 , Eugénio CORDEIRO 2 , CarlosRIBEIRO 1 , Carla ROQUE 11 National Institute <strong>of</strong> Health, Dr. Ricardo Jorge IP, Lisbon, PORTU-GAL; 2 Department <strong>of</strong> Public Health.Regional Directors <strong>of</strong> Health Centre,Coimbra, PORTUGALMumps (epidemic parotitis) is a contagious disease caused by a RNA virus.The mumps virus has only one serotype but 12 different genotypes (A, B,C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, N). The MMR vaccine containing Rubini strain wasintroduced in Portugal in 1987. Despite its high immunization coveragea large outbreak <strong>of</strong> mumps with notification <strong>of</strong> 19415 cases occurred in1997. Thereafter, the MMR composition was changed and the Rubini strainwas replaced by the Jeryl Lynn, which has been administered since 1998.Between November 2012 and January 2013 there were 48 reported cases<strong>of</strong> mumps in two high schools <strong>of</strong> Aveiro district in the centre <strong>of</strong> Portugal;98% <strong>of</strong> cases occurred in vaccinated adolescents. All adolescents had twodoses <strong>of</strong> MMR one containing the Rubini strain and the other the JerylLynn strain. The first 6 cases were laboratory confirmed. All cases showedpositive IgM and IgG. The mumps virus was detected in 2 cases. The viruswas identified as belonging to genotype G. The phylogenetically distanceS228 Vi<strong>rologie</strong>, Vol 17, supplément 2, septembre 2013
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